Continuous deformations of harmonic maps and their unitons

DOI10.1007/S00605-019-01265-XMaRDI QIDQ2332948zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alexandru Aleman, María J. Martín, Anna-Maria Persson, Martin Svensson

Publication date 5 November 2019

Published in Monatshefte für Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.06171

zbMATH Keywords

Blaschke-Potapov productsBruhat decompositionextended solutionsharmonic mapsshift-invariant subspacesunitons

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Harmonic functions on Riemann surfaces (30F15) Functions whose values are linear operators (operator- and matrix-valued functions, etc., including analytic and meromorphic ones) (47A56) Harmonic maps, etc. (58E20)

Abstract: We consider harmonic maps on simply connected Riemann surfaces into the group $mathrmU(n)$ of unitary matrices of order $n$. It is known that a harmonic map with an associated algebraic extended solution can be deformed into a new harmonic map that has an $S^1$-invariant associated extended solution. We study this deformation in detail and show that the corresponding unitons are smooth functions of the deformation parameter and real analytic along any line through the origin.

Review text

For a given harmonic map \(\varphi:M\rightarrow U(n)\), where \(M\) is a Riemann surface and \(U(n)\) is the group of unitary matrices of order \(n\), an extended solution \(\Phi:S^1\times M\rightarrow U(n)\) is attached, with \(\Phi(-1,\cdot)=u\varphi\) for some constant \(u\in U(n)\). If \(\Phi\) is a trigonometric polynomial, then the extended solution is called algebraic. It is known that for the Riemann sphere \(M=S^2\) every harmonic map \(\varphi\) has an algebraic extended solution. Also the fact that \(\Phi\) has a Blaschke-Potapov factorization. The factors involved here are called unitons of \(\Phi\), and by \(\Phi(-1,\cdot)=u\varphi\) it follows a uniton factorization for \(\varphi\). A harmonic map \(\varphi\) which has an associated algebraic extended solution is said to have finite uniton number. It is known that an algebraic extended solution on \(S^2\) can be deformed into an \(S^1\)-invariant extended solution. This fact was obtained using an approach based on Morse theory and the Bruhat decomposition. In this paper this deformation is studied in detail using an approach based on operator theory instead of Morse theory. The main result of the paper (Theorem 1) has a lot of corollaries, between them is the relation to decomposition of Bruhat-type, using the commutant lifting theorem. Also it is shown that the corresponding unitons are real analytic functions of the deformation parameter.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(3)

• A note on the spectral deformation of harmonic maps from \({S}^{2}\) into the unitary group
• Harmonic maps into the orthogonal group and null curves
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1373477 (Why is no real title available?)

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