Landis' conjecture for general second order elliptic equations with singular lower order terms in the plane

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2019.08.035MaRDI QIDQ2333394zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Blair Davey, Jenn-Nan Wang

Publication date 13 November 2019

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.09042

zbMATH Keywords

Beltrami system Landis' conjecture second-order elliptic equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continuation and prolongation of solutions to PDEs (35B60) Second-order elliptic equations (35J15)

Abstract: In this article, we study the order of vanishing and a quantitative form of Landis' conjecture in the plane for solutions to second-order elliptic equations with variable coefficients and singular lower order terms. Precisely, we let

A

be real-valued, bounded and elliptic, but not necessary symmetric or continuous, and we assume that

V

and

W_{i}

are real-valued and belong to

L^{p}

and

L^{q_{i}}

, respectively. We prove that if

u

is a real-valued, bounded and normalized solution to an equation of the form

- a b l a c d o t (A a b l a u + W_{1} u) + W_{2} c d o t a b l a u + V u = 0

in

B_{d}

, then under suitable conditions on the lower order terms, for any

r

sufficiently small, the following order of vanishing estimate holds

|u|_{L^infty(B_r)} ge r^{C M},

where

M

depends on the Lebesgue norms of the lower order terms. In a number of settings, a scaling argument gives rise to a quantitative form of Landis' conjecture, [ inf_{|z_0| = R} |u|_{L^infty(B_1(z_0))} ge exp(- C R^�eta log R), ] where

depends on

p

,

q_{1}

, and

q_{2}

. The integrability assumptions that we impose on

V

and

W_{i}

are nearly optimal in view of a scaling argument. We use the theory of elliptic boundary value problems to establish the existence of positive multipliers associated to the elliptic equation. Then the proofs rely on transforming the equations to Beltrami systems and applying a generalization of Hadamard's three-circle theorem.

Review text

The authors study the order of vanishing and a quantitative form of Landis' conjecture in the plane for solutions to second-order elliptic equations with variable coefficients and singular lower order terms. They show that the \(L^\infty\) norm of any solution \(u\) of the elliptic equation \[ -\operatorname{div}(A\nabla u + W_1u) + W_2\cdot\nabla u + V u = 0 \] in \(B_d\) satisfies an estimate from below of the following kind \[ \|u\|_{L^\infty(B_r)} \geq r^{CM} \] where \(M\) contains the dependence of the lower order terms on which convenient assumptions have been made. This -- after a suitable rescaling -- may be read as a quantitative form of the Landis' conjecture. The proof uses the theory of elliptic BVPs to establish the existence of positive multipliers associated to the elliptic equation. Then the proofs rely on transforming the equations to Beltrami systems and applying a generalization of Hadamard's three-circle theorem.

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