Computing abelian varieties over finite fields isogenous to a power

we give an explicit description of all the isomorphism classes which can be computed in terms of fractional ideals of an order in a finite product of number fields. In the ordinary case, we also give a module-theoretic description of the polarizations of

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Review text

Throughout, let \(q\) be a power of a prime \(p,\) and let \(\text{AV}(q)\) be the category of abelian varieties over \(\mathbb{F}_q.\) Consider the following subcategories of \(\text{AV}(q)\): \(\bullet\) The category \(\text{AV}^{\text{ord}}(q)\) consists of ordinary abelian varieties over \(\mathbb{F}_q.\) \(\bullet\) The category \(\text{AV}^{\text{cs}}(p)\) consists of abelian varieties \(A\) over the prime field \(\mathbb{F}_p\) such that the characteristic polynomial \(h_A\) has no real roots. Then \textit{P. Deligne} [Invent. Math. 8, 238--243 (1969; Zbl 0179.26201)] proved that there is an equivalence of categories between \(\text{AV}^{\text{ord}}(q)\) and the category \(\mathcal{M}^{\text{ord}}(q)\) of finitely generated free \(\mathbb{Z}\)-modules with an endomorphism satisfying some properties, and \textit{T. G. Centeleghe} and \textit{J. Stix} [Algebra Number Theory 9, No. 1, 225--265 (2015; Zbl 1395.11102)] extended the description of Deligne's so as to obtain an equivalence of categories between \(\text{AV}^{\text{cs}}(p)\) and the category \(\mathcal{M}^{\text{cs}}(p)\) of finitely generated free \(\mathbb{Z}\)-modules with an endomorphism satisfying some similar but different properties from those for the case of \(\mathcal{M}^{\text{ord}}(q)\). (For more details about those two categories \(\mathcal{M}^{\text{ord}}(q)\) and \(\mathcal{M}^{\text{cs}}(p)\), see \(\S3\).) Now, let \(h\) be the characteristic polynomial of an abelian variety \(A\) in the category \(\text{AV}^{\text{ord}}(q)\) or \(\text{AV}^{\text{cs}}(p),\) and let \(\text{AV}(h)\) denote the category consisting of abelian varieties that are in the isogeny class which is determined by \(h.\) Assume further that \(h=g^r\) for some square-free polynomial \(g \in \mathbb{Z}[x],\) and put \(K:=\mathbb{Q}[x]/(g), \alpha := x \pmod{g},\) and \(R:=\mathbb{Z}[\alpha, q/\alpha]\) an order in \(K\) (with \(q=p\) if we are in the case of \(\text{AV}^{\text{cs}}(p)\)). Then one of the main results of the paper under review establishes an equivalence of categories (in this situation) between \(\text{AV}(h)\) and the category \(\mathfrak{B}(r)\) of torsion-free \(R\)-modules \(M\) such that \(M \otimes_{R} K\) is a free \(K\)-module of rank \(r,\) with another explicit description on the set of isomorphism classes of abelian varieties in \(\text{AV}(h)\) in terms of over-orders of \(R\) and isomorphism classes of fractional ideals of \(R\) under an additional condition that \(R\) is a Bass order. To prove the equivalence, the author constructs a concrete map between the two categories, and show that it is indeed an equivalence of categories by using some techniques from commutative algebra and the theory of semisimple algebras. Some interesting consequences of the above result are the following: if \(R\) is a Bass order and \(h=g^r\), then every abelian variety \(A \in \text{AV}(h)\) is isomorphic to the product \(B_1 \times \cdots \times B_r\) for some abelian varieties \(B_i \in \text{AV}(g)\) (see Corollary 4.3), and for two abelian varieties \(A, B \in \text{AV}(g),\) there is an integer \(r>0\) such that \(A^r \cong B^r\) if and only if \(\text{End}(A)=\text{End}(B)\) (see Corollary 4.6). For another useful result of the paper, we focus on the case when \(h=g^r\) is the characteristic polynomial of an ordinary abelian variety \(A\). Then the second main result of this paper gives a module-theoretic description on the polarizations of \(A\) and a criterion for a polarized abelian variety to be decomposable. Finally, the author also provides some concrete examples using effective algorithms that were created via various results obtained in the paper.

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