On the cohomology of tori over local fields with perfect residue field

Galois cohomology of linear algebraic groups (11E72) Cohomology theory for linear algebraic groups (20G10) Linear algebraic groups over adèles and other rings and schemes (20G35)

Abstract: If T is an algebraic torus defined over a discretely valued field K with perfect residue field k, we relate the K-cohomology of T to the k-cohomology of certain objects associated to T. When k has cohomological dimension <= 1, our results have a particularly simple form and yield, more generally, isomorphisms between the abelian K-cohomology of a reductive group G over K and the k-cohomology of a certain quotient of the algebraic fundamental group of G.

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Let \(A\) be a complete discrete valuation ring with fraction field \(K\) and \textit{perfect} residue field \(k\). Denote by \(\mathcal{G}\) and \(g\) be the absolute Galois groups of \(K\) and \(k\) respectively. Let \(T\) be a \(K\)-torus and let \(\mathcal{T}\) be its Néron model over \(S:=\mathrm{Spec}(A)\). The group of connected components of the special fiber of \(\mathcal{T}/S\) is a 0-dimensional commutative \(k\)-group scheme, whose geometric points define a \(g\)-module \(\phi(T)\). The first main result of this paper is that this \(g\)-module is canonically isomorphic to \(X_*(T)_I\). Here \(I=\ker(\mathcal{G}\to g)\) is the inertia subgroup of \(\mathcal{G}\), \(X_*(T)\) denotes the \(\mathcal{G}\)-module of the characters of \(T\), and \(X_*(T)_I\) denotes the group of \(I\)-coinvariants. The same result was proved by \textit{R. A. Bitan} [J. Number Theory 131, No. 9, 1657--1671 (2011; Zbl 1235.11064)] when \(k\) \textit{finite}. Unlike Bitan's method, the authors of this paper have not used Bruhat--Tits theory but proved their generalized version using a more functorial construction, called \textit{canonical resolution}. When the residue field \(k\) has cohomological dimension at most 1, the authors obtain from this description of \(\phi(T)\) canonical isomorphisms \[ H^r(K,\,T)\cong H^r(k,\,X_*(T)_I)\,,\quad \text{for }\; r=1,\,2 \] and \(H^r(K,\,T)=0\) for \(r\geq 3\). If one considers more generally a connected reductive group \(G\), with algebraic fundamental group \(\pi_1(G)\), then it is shown that Borovoi's abelianized cohomology groups \(H^r_{ab}(K_{fl},\,G)\) are isomorphic to \(H^r(k,\,\pi_1(G)_I)\) for \(r=1,\,2\) and 0 for \(r\geq 3\). This last result has a corollary that \(H^1(K,\,G)\) can be endowed with an abelian group structure.

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