Multiplicity of positive solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations concentrating at a potential well

Positive solutions to PDEs (35B09) Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Semilinear elliptic equations with Laplacian, bi-Laplacian or poly-Laplacian (35J91) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05)

Abstract: We consider singularly perturbed nonlinear Schr"odinger equations �e label{eq:0.1} - varepsilon^2 Delta u + V(x)u = f(u), u > 0, v in H^1(R^N) ee where

V i n C (R^{N}, R)

and

f

is a nonlinear term which satisfies the so-called Berestycki-Lions conditions. We assume that there exists a bounded domain

O m e g a s u b s e t R^{N}

such that [m_0 equiv inf_{x in Omega} V(x) < inf_{x in partial Omega} V(x) ] and we set

K = x i n O m e g a | V (x) = m_{0}

. For

e > 0

small we prove the existence of at least

c u p l e n g t h (K) + 1

solutions to ( ef{eq:0.1}) concentrating, as

e o 0

around

K

. We remark that, under our assumptions of

f

, the search of solutions to ( ef{eq:0.1}) cannot be reduced to the study of the critical points of a functional restricted to a Nehari manifold.

Review text

The authors prove an existence result for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation \(-\Delta u+V(\varepsilon x)u=f(u)\), posed in \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\), \( N\geq 3\), under appropriate hypotheses on the potential \(V\) and on the nonlinear source term \(f\). \(V\in C(\mathbb{R}^{N},\mathbb{R})\) satisfies \( \inf_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}V>0\) and is such that, for some bounded open set \( \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}\), \[ m_{0}=\inf_{\Omega }V<\inf_{\partial \Omega }V. \] The nonlinearity \(f\in C(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\) satisfies \( f(0)=0=\lim_{\xi \rightarrow 0}f(\xi )\xi \). Further, there exists \(p\in (1,\frac{N+2 }{N-2})\) such that \[ \lim_{\xi \rightarrow \infty }\frac{f(\xi )}{\xi ^{p}}=0, \] and \(\xi _{0}\in (0,\infty )\) such that \[ \int_{0}^{\xi _{0}}f(\tau )d\tau >m_{0}\xi _{0}^{2}/2. \] The main result of the paper proves that for \( \varepsilon \) small enough, the above problem has at least \(\mathrm{cupl}(K)+1\) solutions concentrating at \(K\), where \(K=\{x\in \Omega :V(x)=m_{0}\}\) and \( \mathrm{cupl}(K)\) is the cup-length of \(K\) defined by the Alexander-Spanier cohomology. The authors do not impose the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz superlinearity condition. The construction of the solutions is variational and based on a deformation argument in a suitable neighborhood of expected solutions. The main tools of the proof are indeed existence results concerning critical points linked to the Nehari manifold and Pohozaev's identity applied to a composition of two functions.

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