k-symplectic structures and absolutely trianalytic subvarieties in hyperkähler manifolds

Abstract: Let

(M, I, J, K)

be a hyperkahler manifold, and

Z s u b s e t (M, I)

a complex subvariety in

(M, I)

. We say that

Z

is trianalytic if it is complex analytic with respect to

J

and

K

, and absolutely trianalytic if it is trianalytic with respect to any hyperk"ahler triple of complex structures

(M, I, J^{'}, K^{'})

containing

I

. For a generic complex structure

I

on

M

, all complex subvarieties of

(M, I)

are absolutely trianalytic. It is known that a normalization

Z^{'}

of a trianalytic subvariety is smooth; we prove that

b_{2} (Z^{'})

is no smaller than

b_{2} (M)

when

M

has maximal holonomy (that is,

M

is IHS). To study absolutely trianalytic subvarieties further, we define a new geometric structure, called k-symplectic structure; this structure is a generalization of the hypersymplectic structure. A k-symplectic structure on a 2d-dimensional manifold

X

is a k-dimensional space

R

of closed 2-forms on

X

which all have rank 2d or d. It is called non-degenerate if the set of all degenerate forms in

R

is a smooth, non-degenerate quadric hypersurface in

R

. We consider absolutely trianalytic tori in a hyperkahler manifold

M

of maximal holonomy. We prove that any such torus is equipped with a non-degenerate k-symplectic structure, where

k = b_{2} (M)

. We show that the tangent bundle

T X

of a k-symplectic manifold is a Clifford module over a Clifford algebra

C l (k - 1)

. Then an absolutely trianalytic torus in a hyperkahler manifold

M

with

b_{2} (M) g e q 2 r + 1

is at least

2^{r - 1}

-dimensional.

Review text

Fix a hyper-Kähler manifold \((M, I, J, K)\) and a complex subvariety \(Z\subset (M, I)\). Then \(Z\) is called \textit{trianalytic} if it is complex analytic with respect to \(J\) and \(K\) and \textit{absolutely trianalytic} if it is trianalytic with respect to any hyper-Kähler triple of complex structures \((I, J^{\prime}, K^{\prime})\) containing \(I\). This paper studies trianalytic subvarieties using a new geometric notion called \(k\)-\textit{symplectic structure} and generalizing the hypersymplectic structures. A main result is that an absolutely trianalytic torus in a hyper-Kähler manifold of maximal holonomy is endowed with a non-degerate \(k\)-symplectic structure with \(k=b_2(M)\).

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