Typical real ranks of binary forms

DOI10.1007/S10208-013-9174-8MaRDI QIDQ2355334zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Grigoriy Blekherman

Publication date 22 July 2015

Published in Foundations of Computational Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.3257

zbMATH Keywords

ranksymmetric tensors

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Real algebraic and real-analytic geometry (14P99) Multilinear algebra, tensor calculus (15A69)

Abstract: We prove a conjecture of Comon and Ottaviani that typical real Waring ranks of bivariate forms of degree $d$ take all integer values between $lfloorfracd+22floor$ and $d$. That is we show that for all $d$ and all $lfloorfracd+22floorleqmleqd$ there exists a bivariate form $f$ such that $f$ can be written as a linear combination of $m$ $d$-th powers of real linear forms and no fewer, and additionally all forms in an open neighborhood of $f$ also possess this property. Equivalently we show that for all $d$ and any $lfloorfracd+22floorleqmleqd$ there exists a symmetric real bivariate tensor $t$ of order $d$ such that $t$ can be written as a linear combination of $m$ symmetric real tensors of rank 1 and no fewer, and additionally all tensors in an open neighborhood of $t$ also possess this property.

Review text

It is classically known that a polynomial form of degree \(d\) in \(2\) variables (or, equivalently, a symmetric tensor of type \(2\times 2\times\cdots\times 2\), \(d\) times) has (Waring) rank at most \(d\), while the rank of a generic form, over the complex field, is \(\lfloor (d+2)/2 \rfloor\). The author proves that for any value in the range \(\lfloor (d+2)/2 \rfloor\leq m\leq d\), there exists an open subset, in the natural topology of the space of \textit{real} forms in \(2\) variables, filled by elements of rank \(m\). In the terminology of tensors, this means that every value between \(\lfloor (d+2)/2 \rfloor\) and \(d\) is a typical rank for binary forms. The proof is achieved by an analysis of the apolar ideals of binary forms.

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Cited in

(39)

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• On the algebraic boundaries among typical ranks for real binary forms
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