Involutive Heegaard Floer homology

Abstract: Using the conjugation symmetry on Heegaard Floer complexes, we define a three-manifold invariant called involutive Heegaard Floer homology, which is meant to correspond to

m a t h b b Z_{4}

-equivariant Seiberg-Witten Floer homology. Further, we obtain two new invariants of homology cobordism,

u n d e r l i n e d

and

, and two invariants of smooth knot concordance,

u n d e r l i n e V_{0}

and

o v e r l i n e V_{0}

. We also develop a formula for the involutive Heegaard Floer homology of large integral surgeries on knots. We give explicit calculations in the case of L-space knots and thin knots. In particular, we show that

u n d e r l i n e V_{0}

detects the non-sliceness of the figure-eight knot. Other applications include constraints on which large surgeries on alternating knots can be homology cobordant to other large surgeries on alternating knots.

Review text

In the paper at hand, the authors define a 3-manifold invariant of spin\(^c\) 3-manifolds called involutive Heegaard Floer homology, which they conjecture to be isomorphic to \(\mathbb{Z}/4\mathbb{Z}\)-equivariant Seiberg-Witten homology. The construction goes roughly as follows: given a pointed Heegaard diagram \(\mathcal{H} = (\Sigma,\alpha,\beta,z)\), there is a map \(\iota: CF(\mathcal{H} \to CF(\mathcal{H})\) induced by swapping the \(\alpha\)- and \(\beta\)-curves and reversing the orientation of \(\Sigma\) (and by a sequence of moves relating \((\Sigma,\alpha,\beta,z)\) and \((-\Sigma,\beta,\alpha,z)\)); the map \(\iota^2\) is known to be chain homotopic to the identity. The involutive Heegaard Floer homology is the homology of the mapping cone of \((1+\iota)\). The authors then turn to defining maps induced by cobordisms (with additional choices, due to current lack of sufficient naturality in ordinary Heegaard Floer homology), involutive correction terms, and prove some Frøyshov-type inequalities for spin cobordisms (Theorem 1.2). Finally, they prove a large surgery formula for involutive Floer homology, that allows them to give some concrete computations for (mirrors) of L-space knots (a class of knots that includes positive torus knots, and more generally links of irreducible curve singularities) and homologically thin knots (a class that includes alternating and quasi-alternating knots). As an application, they re-prove that the figure-eight knot is not slice; while this is classically known (e.g. because of the Fox-Milnor condition on the Alexander polynomial), this is the first gauge-theoretic proof.

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