The point-like limit for a NLS equation with concentrated nonlinearity in dimension three

Singular perturbations in context of PDEs (35B25) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Perturbation theories for operators and differential equations in quantum theory (81Q15)

Abstract: We consider a scaling limit of a nonlinear Schr"odinger equation (NLS) with a nonlocal nonlinearity showing that it reproduces in the limit of cutoff removal a NLS equation with nonlinearity concentrated at a point. The regularized dynamics is described by the equation �egin{equation*} ifrac{partial }{partial t} psi^varepsilon(t)= -Delta psi^varepsilon(t) + g(varepsilon,mu,|( ho^varepsilon,psi^varepsilon(t))|^{2mu}) ( ho^varepsilon,psi^varepsilon(t)) ho^varepsilon end{equation*} where

h o^{v a r e p s i l o n} o d e l t a_{0}

weakly and the function

g

embodies the nonlinearity and the scaling and has to be fine tuned in order to have a nontrivial limit dynamics. The limit dynamics is a nonlinear version of point interaction in dimension three and it has been previously studied in several papers as regards the well-posedness, blow-up and asymptotic properties of solutions. Our result is the first justification of the model as the point limit of a regularized dynamics.

Review text

In this paper the authors consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a nonlinearity concentrated at a single point in dimension three: \[ i\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\psi\left( t\right) =H_{\mu,\gamma}\psi\left(t\right) ,\quad\psi\left( 0\right) =\psi_{0}\in\mathcal{D}\tag{1} \] where \(H_{\mu,\gamma}\), \(\gamma\in\mathbb{R}\) and \(\mu\geq0\), is the nonlinear operator with the domain \[ \mathcal{D=}\left\{ \left. \psi\in L^{2}\left( \mathbb{R}^{3}\right) \right| \psi=\phi+qG;\phi\in\dot{H}^{2}\left( \mathbb{R}^{3}\right) ,q\in\mathbb{C};\phi\left( 0\right) =\gamma\left| q\right| ^{2\mu }q\right\} , \] where \(G\left( x\right) =\frac{1}{4\pi\left| x\right| }\) and the action given by \(H_{\mu,\gamma}\psi=-\Delta\phi\). The aim of the paper is to prove that problem (1) can be obtained from a scaling limit of the regularized NLS equation \[ i\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\psi^{\varepsilon}\left( t\right) =-\Delta \psi^{\varepsilon}\left( t\right) +g\left( \varepsilon,\mu,\left| \left( \rho^{\varepsilon},\psi^{\varepsilon}\left( t\right) \right) \right| ^{2\mu}\right) \left( \rho^{\varepsilon}, \psi^{\varepsilon }\left( t\right) \right) \rho^{\varepsilon},\text{ }\psi^{\varepsilon }\left( 0\right) =\psi_{0}^{\varepsilon},\tag{2} \] where \(\rho_{\varepsilon}\rightarrow\delta_{0}\) weakly and the function \(g\) is constructed in such a way that a limit dynamics exists when \(\rho_{\varepsilon}\rightarrow\delta_{0}\). The authors prove that the solution \(\psi^{\varepsilon}\left( t\right) \) to (2) with initial data \ \(\psi_{0}^{\varepsilon}=\phi_{0}+q_{0}\rho^{\varepsilon}\ast G\in H^{2}\left( \mathbb{R}^{3}\right) \) tends to the solution \(\psi\left(t\right) \) to (1) with \(\psi_{0}=\phi_{0}+q_{0}G\in\mathcal{D}\). More precisely, for a fix \(T>0\), \(\sup_{t\in[0,T]}\left\| \psi^{\varepsilon}\left( t\right) -\psi\left( t\right) \right\| _{L^{2}\left( \mathbb{R}^{3}\right) }\leq C\varepsilon^{\delta}\), \(C>0\) and \(0\leq\delta<1/4\). To prove this result the authors write the problems (1) and (2) in the integral form and study the correspondent integral equations for the charge \(q\) and the approximated charge \(q^{\varepsilon}\left( t\right) =\varepsilon\frac{\left( \rho^{\varepsilon },\psi^{\varepsilon}\left( t\right) \right) }{\left( \rho,\left(-\Delta\right) ^{-1}\rho\right) }\).

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