On relative rational chain connectedness of threefolds with anti-big canonical divisors in positive characteristics
It is widely recognized that the geometry of a variety is related to the geometry of its rational curves. It was shown by \textit{F. Campana} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 25, No. 5, 539--545 (1992; Zbl 0783.14022)] and \textit{J. Kollár} et al. [J. Algebr. Geom. 1, No. 3, 429--448 (1992; Zbl 0780.14026)] that a Fano manifold \(X\) (that is, \(X\) smooth with anti-canonical divisor \(-K_X\) ample) is rationally connected (i.e. any two general points on \(X\) can be connected via a rational curve) in characteristic zero and rationally chain connected (i.e. any two general points on \(X\) can be joined by a sequence of rational curves) in positive characteristic. The result was generalized to special singular varieties, namely log Fano varieties, in characteristic zero by \textit{Q. Zhang} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 590, 131--142 (2006; Zbl 1093.14059)] and \textit{C. D. Hacon} and \textit{J. McKernan} [Duke Math. J. 138, No. 1, 119--136 (2007; Zbl 1128.14028)] proving their rational chain connectedness. In the paper under review the author proves an analogue in positive characteristic of the main theorem in [loc. cit.]. Namely, the author proves that if \(X\) is a normal \(\mathbb{Q}\)-factorial threefold over an algebraically closed field of characteristic at least \(7\), \((X,D)\) is a klt pair, and \(f : X\rightarrow Z\) is a proper morphism to a klt variety \(Z\) of dimension one or two, such that: i) \(f_*\mathcal{O}_X=\mathcal{O}_Z\), ii) \(-K_X\) is relatively big, iii) \(-(K_X+ D)\) is relatively semiample, iv) \((X_z,D_z)\) is klt for the general \(z\in Z\); then for any birational morphism \(g : Y\rightarrow X\), the connected components of every fiber of \(f\circ g\) are rationally chain connected. A similar statement was independently proved by \textit{Y. Gongyo} et al. [``Rational points on log Fano threefolds over a finite field, Preprint, \url{arXiv:1512.05003}]. In the paper under review, the author also constructs a global version of rational chain connectedness for threefolds in positive characteristic studying how bigness of \(-K_X\) influences the rational chain connectedness of \(X\).
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