Nonlinear oscillations of Hamiltonian PDEs
bifurcationcompletely resonant casecritical point theoryinfinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systemsmountain pass theoremNash-Moser theorynonlinear wave equationnonresonance conditionssmall divisorsvariational Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction
Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to partial differential equations (35-02) Periodic solutions to PDEs (35B10) Resonance in context of PDEs (35B34) Second-order nonlinear hyperbolic equations (35L70) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-02) Bifurcation problems for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K50) Perturbations, KAM theory for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems (37K55) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05)
This well written monograph is an introduction to recent research mainly due to the author and his collaborators on periodic solutions of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. As a model problem treated throughout the book the author discusses in detail the nonlinear wave equation on an interval with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Chapter 1 contains the classical results of Lyapunov, Weinstein, Moser, Fadell-Rabinowitz on periodic solutions of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems near an equilibrium. Proofs are given in detail for simplified versions. They are based on bifurcation techniques, in particular the variational Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction, and critical point theory. These techniques will also be used later in the book for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. Chapter 2 deals with the autonomous nonlinear wave equation \[ \left \{ \begin{aligned} & u_{tt}-u_{xx}=a(x)u^p+O(u^{p+1}), \quad t\in\mathbb{R} ,\;x\in(0,\pi)\\ {}&u(t,0)=u(t,\pi)=0, \end{aligned}\right.\tag{1} \] in particular with the completely resonant case \(p\geq 2\) (\(p\in\mathbb{N}\)). The ``small divisors problem is explained and the existence of \(2\pi/\omega\)-periodic solutions near \(0\) is proved under strong nonresonance conditions on the frequency \(\omega\). Chapter 3 contains a tutorial in Nash-Moser theory. The Nash-Moser implicit function theorem is then applied in Chapter 4 in order to find periodic solutions near \(0\) of (1) for \(p\geq 2\) for sets of frequencies \(\omega\) close to \(1\) with asymptotically full measure. Chapter 5 deals with forced vibrations, more precisely with the problem \[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} {}&u_{tt}-u_{xx}=\varepsilon f(t,x,u), \quad t\in\mathbb{R},\;x\in(0,\pi)\\ {}&u(t,0)=u(t,\pi)=0 \end{aligned} \right.\tag{2} \] where \(f\) is \(2\pi\)-periodic in \(t\). Using purely variational methods existence theorems for \(2\pi\)-periodic solutions are obtained provided \(\varepsilon\) is small. The book concludes with several appendices. The first contains Hamiltonian formulations for some PDEs, the second an introduction to critical point theory, in particular the mountain pass theorem. This is used in the third appendix to prove a result about the existence of one periodic solution of \(u_{tt}-u_{xx}=| u| ^{p-2}u\), \(p>2\), which is not close to \(0\). The fourth appendix collects some elementary results in number theory related to the nonresonance conditions.
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