Rank-crank-type PDEs and generalized Lambert series identities

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Publication:2376141



Abstract: We show how Rank-Crank type PDEs for higher order Appell functions due to Zwegers may be obtained from a generalized Lambert series identity due to the first author. Special cases are the Rank-Crank PDE due to Atkin and the third author and a PDE for a level 5 Appell function also found by the third author. These two special PDEs are related to generalized Lambert series identities due to Watson, and Jackson respectively. The first author's Lambert series identities are common generalizations. We also show how Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer's proof using elliptic functions can be extended to prove these generalized Lambert series identities.


Let \(m\) be a positive integer. Consider the Appell function \[ \Sigma^{(2m+1)}(z,q) := \sum_{n \in \mathbb{Z}} \frac{(-1)^nq^{(2m+1)\binom{n+1}{2}}}{1-zq^n} \] and the infinite product \[ C^*(z,q) := \frac{(q)_{\infty}}{(z)_{\infty}(q/z)_{\infty}}, \] where as usual, \[ (a)_{\infty} := \prod_{n \geq 1}(1-aq^{n-1}). \] The authors show that there exist quasimodular forms \(f_j\) such that \[ \left({H}^{m}_{2m+1} + \sum_{k=0}^{m-1} f_{m-k}{H}^k_{2m+1}\right) \Sigma^{(2m+1)}(z,q) = (2m)!\left[C^*(z,q)\right]^{2m+1}(q)_{\infty}^{2m+1}, \] where the differential operator \(H_k\) is defined by \[ H_k := k\delta_z + 2k\delta_q + \delta_z^2, \] with \[ \delta_x := x\frac{\partial}{\partial x}. \] This is comparable to a theorem of \textit{S. Zwegers} [Acta Arith. 144, No. 3, 263--273 (2010; Zbl 1253.11094)]. It is called a ``rank-crank PDE because the Appell functions are closely related to higher ranks of partitions while \((1-z)C^*(z,q)\) is the two-variable crank generating function. The result follows from differentiating a generalized Lambert series identity of the first author. When \(m=1\) one has the original rank-crank PDE of \textit{A. O. L. Atkin} and \textit{F. G. Garvan} [Ramanujan J. 7, No. 1--3, 343--366 (2003; Zbl 1039.11069)].











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