On the differentiability of very weak solutions with right-hand side data integrable with respect to the distance to the boundary

Let \(Lu=-\sum_{i,j=1}^N \partial_i a_{ij}(x)\partial_j u + \sum_{j=1}^N b_j(x)\partial_ju + c(x)u\), where \(a_{ij}\in C^{0,1}, b_j\in C^{0,1}, c\in L^\infty\). The authors study the \(L^q(\Omega)\)-integrability on the whole set \(\Omega\subset{\mathbb R}^N\) of the gradient of very weak solutions \(v\in L^{1}(\Omega )\) of (\(v,L^{\star }\phi )_{0}=(f,\varphi )_{0}, \forall \phi \in C^2 (\overline {\Omega})\) vanishing at the boundary whenever \(f\) is in \(L^{1}(\Omega ,\delta^\alpha)\), with \(\delta =\text{dist }(x,\partial \Omega )\). The following results are proved. i) \(v\in W^{1,q}(\Omega)\) for some \(q>1\) if and only if \(f \in L^1(\Omega,\delta^\alpha)\) for some \(\alpha\in [0,1)\) for nonnegative \(f\). ii) If \(f \in L^1(\Omega,\delta^\alpha), \alpha\in[0,1)\) then \(\nabla v\) belongs to the Lorentz space \(L^{{N\over N-1+\alpha},\infty}(\Omega)\). iii) If \(f\in L^1(\Omega,|\delta\text{Ln}\delta|)\) then the very weak solution \(v\in L^1(\Omega)\) is in \(W^{1,1}_0(\Omega)\). iv) There are functions \(v\) whose data are in \(L^1(\Omega,\delta)\) for which we have only the regularity \(W^{1,1}(\Omega)\). They show that results are optimal. The symmetrization techniques is used to derive the regularity in Lorentz spaces or to consider the radial solution associated to the increasing radial rearrangement function \(\widetilde f\) of \(f\).

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