Determination of the 2-primary components of the 32-stem homotopy groups of S^n
Let \(\pi_{n+k}^n\) denote the 2-primary component of \(\pi_{n+k}(S^n)\) where \(\pi_{n+k}^n={}_2{\pi_k^S}\) if \(n \geq k+2\). In this paper the authors consider the computation of \(\pi_{n+32}^n\). However, for \(n \leq 8\) these groups have already been computed by \textit{N. Oda} [Bull. Inst. Adv. Res. Fukuoka Univ., Nat. Sci. 44(5), 49--152 (1979; Zbl 0522.55012)]. So the aim of this paper is to complete this computation by determining the structure of \(\pi_{n+32}^n\) for \(9 \leq n \leq 34\). The main tool is the EHP sequence \[ \cdots \to \pi_{n+1+k}^{2n-1} \overset{P}{\rightarrow} \pi_{n-1+k}^{n-1} \overset {E}{\rightarrow}\pi_{n+k}^n\overset{H} {\rightarrow }\pi_{n+k}^{2n-1} \cdots \] together with the known results on \(\pi_{n+k}^n\), in particular, relations between their generators and the three maps. In Sections 2 and 3 the authors provide further relations needed for computation. The computation is actually done, using strong induction, in Sections 5 and 6. It is long and perhaps hard. We take here as an example the case \(n=30\) and observe how \(\pi_{62}^{30}\) can be computed, which is in a sense the most simple case. Since \(\pi_{63}^{59}={}_2{\pi_4^S}=0\) and \(\pi_{62}^{59}={}_2{\pi_3^S}={\mathbb Z}_8 \cdot \nu_{59}\), from the above EHP sequence using the relation \(\text{Ker} \{ E : \pi_{60}^{29} \to \pi_{61}^{30}\}=0\) due to N. Oda [op. cit.], we obtain a short exact sequence \[ 0 \to \pi_{61}^{29} \overset{E}{\rightarrow} \pi_{62}^{30}\overset{H} \rightarrow {\mathbb Z}_8\cdot\nu_{59} 0. \] Hence we have an element \(\eta_{4, 30} \in \pi_{62}^{30}\) such that \(H(\eta_{4, 30})=\nu_{59}\), in the notation of the paper. If \(\eta_{4, 30}\) is appropriately chosen, then combining results of \textit{M. Mahowald} [Topology 16, 249--256 (1977; Zbl 0357.55020)] and Oda [loc. cit.] we get \(8\eta_{4, 30}=4[\iota_{30}, \iota_{30}]=[\iota_{30}, \eta_{30}^2]\eta_{61}=0\). This implies that \[ \pi_{62}^{30} \cong {\mathbb Z}_8 \oplus \pi_{61}^{29}. \] So if we suppose that in the case \(n=29\) we know that \(\pi_{61}^{29}\) is isomorphic to \(({\mathbb Z}_2)^3\) and is generated by elements \(\overline{\nu\bar{\kappa}}_{29}\), \({\bar{\bar{\sigma}}}_{29}\) and \({\sigma_{29}\mu}_{3, 36}\), again using the notation of the paper, then we have \[ \pi_{62}^{30}=\{ \eta_{4, 30}, \overline{\nu\bar{\kappa}}_{30}, {\bar{\bar{\sigma}}}_{30}, {\sigma_{30}\mu}_{3, 37} \} \cong {\mathbb Z}_8\oplus ({\mathbb Z}_2)^3. \] Finally, in Section 7 the authors further examine some of the relations on \(\pi_*^S\).
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