Representation homology, Lie algebra cohomology and the derived Harish-Chandra homomorphism

DOI10.4171/JEMS/729MaRDI QIDQ2403285zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Sasha Patotski, Ajay Ramadoss, Thomas Willwacher, Yuri Berest, Giovanni Felder

Publication date 8 September 2017

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.0043

Chevalley-Eilenberg complex derived representation scheme Harish-Chandra homomorphism Koszul duality Lie algebra cohomology Macdonald identity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Category-theoretic methods and results in associative algebras (except as in 16D90) (16B50) (Co)homology of rings and associative algebras (e.g., Hochschild, cyclic, dihedral, etc.) (16E40) Differential graded algebras and applications (associative algebraic aspects) (16E45) Representation theory of associative rings and algebras (16G99) Cohomology of Lie (super)algebras (17B56) Poisson algebras (17B63) Symplectic structures of moduli spaces (53D30)

Abstract: We study the derived representation scheme DRep_n(A) parametrizing the n-dimensional representations of an associative algebra A over a field of characteristic zero. We show that the homology of DRep_n(A) is isomorphic to the Chevalley-Eilenberg homology of the current Lie coalgebra gl_n^*(C) defined over a Koszul dual coalgebra of A. We extend this isomorphism to representation schemes of Lie algebras: for a finite-dimensional reductive Lie algebra g, we define the derived affine scheme DRep_g(a) parametrizing the representations (in g) of a Lie algebra a; we show that the homology of DRep_g(a) is isomorphic to the Chevalley-Eilenberg homology of the Lie coalgebra g^*(C), where C is a cocommutative DG coalgebra Koszul dual to the Lie algebra a. We construct a canonical DG algebra map Phi_g(a) : DRep_g(a)^G -> DRep_h(a)^W, which is a homological extension of the classical restriction homomorphism. We call Phi_g(a) a derived Harish-Chandra homomorphism. We conjecture that, for a two-dimensional abelian Lie algebra a, the derived Harish-Chandra homomorphism is a quasi-isomorphism, and provide some evidence for this conjecture. For any complex Lie algebra g, we compute the Euler characteristic of DRep_g(a)^G in terms of matrix integrals over G and compare it to the Euler characteristic of DRep_h(a)^W.This yields an interesting combinatorial identity, which we prove for gl_n and sl_n (for all n). Our identity is analogous to the classical Macdonald identity, and our quasi-isomorphism conjecture is analogous to the strong Macdonald conjecture proved by S.Fishel, I.Grojnowski and C.Teleman. We explain this analogy by giving a new homological interpretation of Macdonald's conjectures in terms of derived representation schemes, parallel to our Harish-Chandra quasi-isomorphism conjecture.

Review text

Summary: We study the derived representation scheme \(\mathrm{DRep}_n(A)\) parametrizing the \(n\)-dimensional representations of an associative algebra \(A\) over a field of characteristic zero. We show that the homology of \(\mathrm{DRep}_n(A) \) is isomorphic to the Chevalley-Eilenberg homology of the current Lie coalgebra \(\mathfrak{gl}_n^\ast(\bar{C})\) defined over a Koszul dual coalgebra of \(A\). This gives a conceptual explanation to some of the main results of the first author et al. [Adv. Math. 245, 625--689 (2013; Zbl 1291.14006)] and the first author and the fourth author [J. Reine Angew. Math. 715, 143--187 (2016; Zbl 1428.16006)], relating them (via Koszul duality) to classical theorems on (co)homology of current Lie algebras \(\mathfrak{gl}_n(A)\). We extend the above isomorphism to representation schemes of Lie algebras: for a finite-dimensional reductive Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\), we define the derived affine scheme \(\mathrm{DRep}_{\mathfrak{g}}(\mathfrak{a})\) parametrizing the representations (in \(\mathfrak{g}\)) of a Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{a}\); we show that the homology of \(\mathrm{DRep}_{\mathfrak{g}}(\mathfrak{a})\) is isomorphic to the Chevalley-Eilenberg homology of the Lie coalgebra \(\mathfrak{g}^\ast(\bar{C})\), where \(C\) is a cocommutative DG coalgebra Koszul dual to the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{a}\). We construct a canonical DG algebra map \(\Phi_{\mathfrak{g}}(\mathfrak{a}):\mathrm{DRep}_{\mathfrak{g}}(\mathfrak{a})^G\to\mathrm{DRep}_{\mathfrak{h}}(\mathfrak{a})^W\), relating the \(G\)-invariant part of representation homology of a Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{a}\) in \(\mathfrak{g}\) to the \(W\)-invariant part of representation homology of \(\mathfrak{a}\) in a Cartan subalgebra of \(\mathfrak{g}\). We call this map the derived Harish-Chandra homomorphism as it is a natural homological extension of the classical Harish-Chandra restriction map.{ }We conjecture that, for a two-dimensional abelian Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{a}\), the derived Harish-Chandra homomorphism is a quasi-isomorphism. We provide some evidence for this conjecture, including proofs for \(\mathfrak{gl}_2\) and \(\mathfrak{sl}_2 \) as well as for \(\mathfrak{gl}_n\), \(\mathfrak{sl}_n\), \(\mathfrak{so}_n\) and \(\mathfrak{sp}_{2n}\) in the inductive limit as \(n\to\infty\). For any complex reductive Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\), we compute the Euler characteristic of \(\mathrm{DRep}_{\mathfrak{g}}(\mathfrak{a})^G\) in terms of matrix integrals over \(G\) and compare it to the Euler characteristic of \(\mathrm{DRep}_{\mathfrak{h}}(\mathfrak{a})^W\). This yields an interesting combinatorial identity, which we prove for \(\mathfrak{gl}_n\) and \(\mathfrak{sl}_n\) (for all \(n\)). Our identity is analogous to the classical Macdonald identity, and our quasi-isomorphism conjecture is analogous to the strong Macdonald conjecture proposed in [\textit{P. Hanlon}, Invent. Math. 86, 131--159 (1986; Zbl 0604.17007); \textit{B. L. Feigin}, Sel. Math. Sov. 7, No. 1, 49--62 (1988; Zbl 0657.17009)] and proved in [\textit{S. Fishel} et al., Ann. Math. (2) 168, No. 1, 175--220 (2008; Zbl 1186.17010)]. We explain this analogy by giving a new homological interpretation of Macdonald's conjectures in terms of derived representation schemes, parallel to our Harish-Chandra quasi-isomorphism conjecture.

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