On usual, virtual and welded knotted objects up to homotopy

DOI10.2969/JMSJ/06931079MaRDI QIDQ2407553zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Benjamin Audoux, Paolo Bellingeri, Jean-Baptiste Meilhan, Emmanuel Wagner

Publication date 6 October 2017

Published in Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.00202, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jmsj/1499846518

zbMATH Keywords

braidsGauss diagramslink homotopyself-virtualizationstring linksvirtual knotwelded knot

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Braid groups; Artin groups (20F36)

Abstract: We consider several classes of knotted objects, namely usual, virtual and welded pure braids and string links, and two equivalence relations on those objects, induced by either self-crossing changes or self-virtualizations. We provide a number of results which point out the differences between these various notions. The proofs are mainly based on the techniques of Gauss diagram formulae.

Review text

The article under review concerns knotted objects, namely pure braids and string links (i.e., pure tangles without closed components). These knotted objects are considered diagramatically and modulo (the classical) Reidemeister moves. Under consideration in this article are also objects which are obtained by considering the ones referred to above modulo generalized Reidemeister moves, yielding virtual string links; then by considering virtual string links modulo the so-called Overcrossings Commute relation, welded string links are obtained. Further consideration of these and other knotted objects modulo self-crossing changes or self-crossing virtualization yields new classes of objects. The main results of this article concern the inclusions of these different quotients among themselves and with some groups of automorphisms of the free groups and their quotients. Some of these are already found in the literature; but the authors provide in Figure 1 a network of these inclusions where they tell apart their contributions from others'. As for the proofs, they rely on Gauss diagrams so the authors provide a quick tutorial on these in Section 3. Finally, in Section 5 a number of questions are collected for further work.

Recommendations

• Extensions of some classical local moves on knot diagrams
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Cited in

(15)

• Extensions of some classical local moves on knot diagrams
• Milnor invariants, \(2n\)-moves and \(V^n\)-moves for welded string links
• Generalized virtualization on welded links
• A journey through loop braid groups
• Arrow calculus for welded and classical links
• Reidemeister moves and groups
• Homotopy classification of ribbon tubes and welded string links
• Virtual and welded periods of classical knots
• Multi-tribrackets
• Finite type invariants of w-knotted objects. II: Tangles, foams and the Kashiwara-Vergne problem
• Over then under tangles
• On finite type invariants of welded string links and ribbon tubes
• A Reidemeister theorem for solid ribbon torus links
• Homotopy braid groups are torsion-free
• Two definitions of the bridge index of a welded knot

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