Links with finite n-quandles

DOI10.2140/AGT.2017.17.2807MaRDI QIDQ2409807zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jim Hoste, Patrick D. Shanahan

Publication date 16 October 2017

Published in Algebraic \& Geometric Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08324

zbMATH Keywords

branched coverfundamental \(n\)-quandlefundamental quandlequandle

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: We prove a conjecture of Przytycki which asserts that the $n$-quandle of a link $L$ in the 3-sphere is finite if and only if the fundamental group of the $n$-fold cyclic branched cover of the 3-sphere, branched over $L$, is finite.

Review text

A quandle is a set \(Q\) with a binary operation \(\ast: Q\times Q\rightarrow Q\) which satisfies several axioms; quandles have been widely studied in low-dimensional topology in the recent 30 years. For a given link \(L\), similar to the fundamental group \(\pi_1(S^3-L)\), one can define the fundamental quandle \(Q(L)\). It is well-known that \(Q(L)\) is a complete invariant up to reversed mirror image. In the paper under review, the authors consider a quotient of \(Q(L)\), called the fundamental \(n\)-quandle \(Q_n(L)\). Roughly speaking, the fundamental \(n\)-quandle \(Q_n(L)\) can be obtained from \(Q(L)\) by adding relations \(x_i\ast^n x_j=x_i\) for all distinct pairs of generators \(x_i\) and \(x_j\). Although in general \(Q(L)\) is infinite, for some cases the fundamental \(n\)-quandle \(Q_n(L)\) is finite. As the main result of this paper, the authors prove that \(Q_n(L)\) is finite if and only if \(\pi_1(\widetilde{M}_n(L))\) is finite, where \(\widetilde{M}_n(L)\) denotes the \(n\)-fold cyclic branched cover of \(S^3\) over \(L\). The necessary part actually follows from Joyce's PhD thesis. Since this result did not appear in Joyce's well-known paper [\textit{D. Joyce}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 23, 37--65 (1982; Zbl 0474.57003)], the authors rewrote the proof providing many details. For the sufficient part of the proof, the authors extend a result by Joyce from the fundamental quandle to the fundamental \(n\)-quandle. Finally, several concrete examples of finite \(Q_n(L)\) are provided for some small \(n\).

Recommendations

• \(N\)-quandles of links
• QUANDLES AND LINKING NUMBER
• Finite n-quandles of torus and two-bridge links
• Link quandles are residually finite
• Homotopical interpretation of link invariants from finite quandles
• Linking numbers, quandles and groups
• Quasi-triviality of quandles for link-homotopy
• TOPOLOGICAL QUANDLES AND INVARIANTS OF LINKS
• Link homotopy invariant quandles
• TOWARD A CLASSIFICATION OF FINITE QUANDLES

Cites work

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Cited in

(15)

• Link quandles are residually finite
• \(N\)-quandles of links
• Finite subquandles of sphere
• The Topological Interpretation of the Core Group of a Surface inS⁴
• An enumeration process for racks
• Finite involutory quandles of two-bridge links with an axis
• Linking numbers, quandles and groups
• Finite n-quandles of torus and two-bridge links
• Multivariate Alexander quandles, II. The involutory medial quandle of a link
• \(N\)-quandles of spatial graphs
• On left-orderability of involutory quandles of links
• Classifying links and spatial graphs with finite N-quandles
• Fundamental n-quandles of links are residually finite
• Finiteness of canonical quotients of Dehn quandles of surfaces
• Knot quandles and infinite cyclic covering spaces

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