Dynamical transitions between equilibria in a dissipative Klein-Gordon lattice

Bifurcations in context of PDEs (35B32) KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)

Abstract: We consider the energy landscape of a dissipative Klein-Gordon lattice with a

p h i^{4}

on-site potential. Our analysis is based on suitable energy arguments, combined with a discrete version of the L{}ojasiewicz inequality, in order to justify the convergence to a single, nontrivial equilibrium for all initial configurations of the lattice. Then, global bifurcation theory is explored, to illustrate that in the discrete regime all linear states lead to nonlinear generalizations of equilibrium states. Direct numerical simulations reveal the rich structure of the equilibrium set, consisting of non-trivial topological (kink-shaped) interpolations between the adjacent minima of the on-site potential, and the wealth of dynamical convergence possibilities. These dynamical evolution results also provide insight on the potential stability of the equilibrium branches, and glimpses of the emerging global bifurcation structure, elucidating the role of the interplay between discreteness, nonlinearity and dissipation.

Review text

Let $U_n(t)$ be the real-valued function of the unknown displacement of the oscillator occupying the lattice site $n$. In this paper, the authors study the dynamics of the following discrete Klein-Gordon equation (DKG) model: \[ \ddot{U}_n-k(U_{n+1}-2U_n + U_{n-1}) + \delta \dot{U}_n =\omega_d^2(U_n-\beta U^3_n),\quad \beta, \delta>0, \] where $k = h^{-2}$ denotes the discretization parameter, with $h$ playing the role of the lattice spacing (controlling the distance from the continuum limit of $h\rightarrow 0$). The analytical considerations on the model are presented, concerning the convergence to a single equilibrium. The structure of the set of the possible equilibria of the model are investigated. The authors examine the analytical results, considering the global bifurcation of nonlinear equilibria. The authors study the existence of a second class of equilibria for the given equations. They prove that $\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}||U(t)-\Phi||_{\ell^{2}}=0$, where \[ U(t)-\Phi=U(t_N)-\Phi+\int_{t_N}^{t}\frac{d}{ds}(U(s)-\Phi)ds \] for some finite $t_N\in [0,\infty)$. The authors report the results of their numerical simulations.

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