Kähler-Einstein metrics and the Kähler-Ricci flow on log Fano varieties

Fano varieties (14J45) Kähler-Einstein manifolds (32Q20) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25) Global differential geometry of Hermitian and Kählerian manifolds (53C55) Flows related to complex manifolds (e.g., Kähler-Ricci flows, Chern-Ricci flows) (53E30)

Abstract: We prove the existence and uniqueness of K"ahler-Einstein metrics on Q-Fano varieties with log terminal singularities (and more generally on log Fano pairs) whose Mabuchi functional is proper. We study analogues of the works of Perelman on the convergence of the normalized K"ahler-Ricci flow, and of Keller, Rubinstein on its discrete version, Ricci iteration. In the special case of (non-singular) Fano manifolds, our results on Ricci iteration yield smooth convergence without any additional condition, improving on previous results. Our result for the K"ahler-Ricci flow provides weak convergence independently of Perelman's celebrated estimates.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a Fano manifold, that is a complex projective manifold such that the anticanonical divisor \(-K_X\) is ample. By the work of \textit{X. Chen} et al. [J. Am. Math. Soc. 28, No. 1, 199--234 (2015; Zbl 1312.53097)] we know that \(X\) admits a Kähler-Einstein metric if and only if \(X\) is \(K\)-stable. In order to define compactifications of moduli spaces of Kähler-Einstein Fano manifolds, it is necessary to generalize the theory to varieties with some mild singularities. In this paper the authors consider \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano varieties, that is normal projective varieties such that some multiple of the anticanonical divisor \(-K_X\) is Cartier and ample. They show that if \(X\) admits a Kähler-Einstein metric, the singularities of \(X\) are at most log-terminal in the sense of the minimal model program. Then they define a Mabuchi functional Mab and \(J\)-functional \(J\) for log-terminal \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano varieties, and as in the smooth setting, one says that the Mabuchi functional is proper if \(\mbox{Mab} \to \infty\) if \(J \to \infty\). The first main result of the paper generalizes classical results of \textit{S. Bando} and \textit{T. Mabuchi} [Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 10, 11--40 (1987; Zbl 0641.53065)] and \textit{W. Ding} and \textit{G. Tian} [Invent. Math. 110, No. 2, 315--335 (1992; Zbl 0779.53044)] to this singular setting: the identity component \(\mbox{Aut}^0(X)\) of the automorphism group acts transitively on the set of Kähler-Einstein metrics. Moreover, if the Mabuchi functional is proper, then \(\mbox{Aut}^0(X)=1\) and the unique minimizer of the Mabuchi functional is a Kähler-Einstein metric \(\omega_{KE}\). \newline In the second part of the paper the authors describe the behaviour of the Ricci iteration (introduced in [\textit{J. Keller}, J. Inst. Math. Jussieu 8, No. 4, 743--768 (2009; Zbl 1178.32020); \textit{Y. A. Rubinstein}, Adv. Math. 218, No. 5, 1526--1565 (2008; Zbl 1143.53065)]) and the Kähler-Ricci flow (see [\textit{J. Song} and \textit{G. Tian}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 25, No. 2, 303--353 (2012; Zbl 1239.53086)]): assume that \(X\) is a \(\mathbb Q\)-Fano variety with log-terminal singularities. Given a a smooth form \(\omega_0\) in the anticanonical class \(c_1(X)\), there exists a unique sequence of closed positive currents \(\omega_j \in c_1(X)\) with continuous potentials such that the restriction to the smooth locus of \(X\) is smooth and satisfies \(\mbox{Ric}(\omega_{j+1})=\omega_j\). Moreover, if the Mabuchi functional is proper, this Ricci iteration converges to \(\omega_{KE}\), uniformly on \(X\) at the level of potentials. Under the same assumption, the normalised Kähler Ricci flow \(\omega_t\) converges to \(\omega_{KE}\) for \(t \to \infty\) and \(\lim_{t \to \infty} \omega_t^n = \omega_{KE}^n\).

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