Some remarks on the asymmetric sum-product phenomenon

Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree uniformity (11B30) Inverse problems of additive number theory, including sumsets (11P70) Exponential sums (11T23)

Abstract: Using some new observations connected to higher energies, we obtain quantitative lower bounds on

m a x | A B |, | A + C |

and

m a x | (A + a l p h a) B |, | A + C |

,

a l p h a e q 0

in the regime when the sizes of finite subsets

A, B, C

of a field differ significantly.

Review text

Let \(p\) be a prime number and \(A,B\subset \mathbb{F}_p=\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\) be finite. Let \(A+B\) and \(AB\) denote the sum-set and the product-set, respectively. Let further \(T^+_k(A)=|\{(a_1,\dots,a_k,a^\prime_1,\dots,a^\prime_k)\in A^{2k} : a_1+\dots+a_k=a^\prime_1+\dots+a^\prime_k\}|\) and \(E^+_k(A)=|\{(a_1,\dots,a_k,a^\prime_1,\dots,a^\prime_k)\in A^{2k} : a_1-a^\prime_1=\dots =a_ka^\prime_k\}|\) with \(k\) a positive integer. We can analogously define the common multiplicative energy \(E^\times(A,B)\). The subject of this paper is the study of an asymmetric variant of the sum-product problem and to prove explicit bounds in the theorems proved by \textit{J.Bourgain} [Int. J. Number Theory 1, No. 1, 1--32 (2005; Zbl 1173.11310)]. The statement of the results is too technical to be reproduced here, one of them as an example: Let \(A,B,C\subset \mathbb{F}_p\), \(|A||B|^{1+(k+1)2^{-k}/(2(k+4))}\le p\) and \(|B|^{(k/8)+1/(2(k+4))}\ge c_*^{(k+4)/4} |A| \log^k(|A||B|)\), with \(k\ge 1\) and \(c_*>0\) an absolute constant. Then both \(\max\{|AB|,|A+C|\}\) and \(\max\{|AB|,|(A+\alpha)C|\}\) are \(\ge 2^{-3}|A|\cdot\min\{|C|,|B|^{2^{-k}/(2(k+4))}\}\) for any \(\alpha\neq0\). Author also proves that the lower bounds for \(|A+C|\) and \(|(A+\alpha)C|\) could be replaced by similar upper bounds for the energies \(E^+(A,C)\) and \(E^\times(A+\alpha,C)\). The author's approach is different from that used by J. Bourgain in his papers, and has the effect that the lower bounds for sizes of sets \(A,B,C \) need not be expressed in terms of the characteristic \(p\). Another feature of author's approach is that his arguments also work in \(\mathbb{R}\). As a by-product, the author obtains the best constants in the problem of estimating the exponential sums over multiplicative subgroups \(\Gamma\) with \(|\Gamma|\ge p^\delta\), \(\delta>0\) parallel to those from \textit{J.Bourgain} [Geom. Funct. Anal. 15, No.1, 1--34 (2005; Zbl 1102.11041)] and \textit{M. Z. Garaev} [Russ. Math. Surv. 65, No. 4, 599--658 (2010); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 65, No. 4, 5--66 (2010; Zbl 1293.11017)] and relatively good bounds in the question of basis properties of multiplicative subgroups compared to those by \textit{A. A. Glibichuk} and \textit{S. V. Konyagin} [Additive combinatorics, CRM Proc. Lect. Notes 43, 279--286 (2007; Zbl 1215.11020)] and he also gives a series of examples of superquadratic expanders in \(\mathbb{R}\) with four variables.

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