Variations on the sum-product problem

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Abstract: This paper considers various formulations of the sum-product problem. It is shown that, for a finite set AsubsetmathbbR, |A(A+A)|gg{|A|^{frac{3}{2}+frac{1}{178}}}, giving a partial answer to a conjecture of Balog. In a similar spirit, it is established that |A(A+A+A+A)|gg{frac{|A|^2}{log{|A|}}}, a bound which is optimal up to constant and logarithmic factors. We also prove several new results concerning sum-product estimates and expanders, for example, showing that |A(A+a)|gg{|A|^{3/2}} holds for a typical element of A.




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