Continuity envelopes and sharp embeddings in spaces of generalized smoothness

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2007.12.009MaRDI QIDQ2426481zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Dorothee D. Haroske, Susana D. Moura

Publication date 22 April 2008

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL http://hdl.handle.net/10316/4594

zbMATH Keywords

continuity envelope limiting embedding space of generalized smoothness

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)

Review text

Let \({\mathbb N}_0=\mathbb N \cup \{0\}\) and \(\mathcal{N}=\{N_j\}_{j\in{\mathbb N}_0}\) be an admissible sequence, which means that there exist two positive constants \(d_0\) and \(d_1\) such that \(d_0\gamma_j\leq\gamma_{j+1}\leq d_1\gamma_j\) for \(j\in{\mathbb N}_0\). Assume that \(\underline{N}_1\equiv\inf_{k\geq0}\frac{\gamma_{1+k}}{\gamma_k}>1\). Then there exists a number \(l_0\in{\mathbb N}_0\) such that \(N_k\geq2N_j\) for any \(k,\;j\) such that \(k\geq j+l_0\). The associated covering \(\Omega^N=\{\Omega_j^N\}_{j\in{\mathbb N}_0}\) of \({\mathbb R}^n\) is defined by setting \(\Omega_j^N\equiv\{\xi\in{\mathbb R}^n: |\xi|\leq N_{j+l_0}\},\) \(j=0, \dots, l_0-1\), and \(\Omega_j^N\equiv\{\xi\in{\mathbb R}^n:\;N_{j-l_0}\leq|\xi|\leq N_{j+l_0}\},\) \(j\geq l_0\). Let \(\varphi^N\equiv\{\varphi_j^N\}_{j\in{\mathbb N}_0}\) be a (generalized) partition of unity subordinate to \(\Omega^N\), which means that (i) \(\varphi_j^N\in C_0^\infty({\mathbb R}^n)\) and \(\varphi_j^N(\xi)\geq0\) if \(\xi\in{\mathbb R}^n\) for any \(j\in{\mathbb N}_0\); (ii) \(\text{supp}\varphi_j^N\subset\Omega_j^N\) for any \(j\in{\mathbb N}_0\); (iii) for any \(\alpha\in{\mathbb N}^n_0\), there exists a positive constant \(C_\alpha\) such that for any \(j\in{\mathbb N}_0\), \(|D^\alpha\varphi_j^N(\xi)|\leq C_\alpha(1+|\xi|^2)^{-|\alpha|/2}\) for any \(\xi\in{\mathbb R}^n\) and (iv) there exists a positive constant \(C_\varphi\) such that \(0<\sum_{j=0}^\infty\varphi_j^N(\xi)=C_\varphi<\infty\) for any \(\xi\in{\mathbb R}^n\). Let \(\sigma=\{\sigma_j\}_{j\in{\mathbb N}_0}\) be an another admissible sequence. If \(p, q\in(0,\infty]\), the Besov space of generalized smoothness \(B^{\sigma,N}_{p,q}\) is the set of all tempered distributions \(f\) such that the quasi-norm \[ \|f\|_{B^{\sigma,N}_{p,q}}=\left\{\sum_{j=0}^\infty \|\sigma_j\varphi_j^N(D)f\|_{L^p}^q\right\}^{1/q}<\infty. \] If \(p\in(0, \infty)\) and \(q\in(0,\infty]\), the Triebel-Lizorkin space of generalized smoothness \(F^{\sigma,N}_{p,q}\) is the set of all tempered distributions \(f\) such that the quasi-norm \[ \|f\|_{F^{\sigma,N}_{p,q}}=\left\|\left\{\sum_{j=0}^N |\sigma_j\varphi_j^N(D)f|^q\right\}^{1/q}\right\|_{L^p}<\infty. \] Recall that, roughly speaking, a continuity envelope \({\mathfrak C}_c(X)\) of a function space \(X\) consists of a so-called continuity envelope function \[ \mathcal {E}_c^X(t)\sim\sup_{\|f|X\|\leq1}\frac{\omega(f,\,t)}{t},\;t>0, \] together with some `finite index' \(u_X\), where \(\omega(f,\,t)\) stands for the modulus of continuity. Let \(\Lambda\) be a certain function satisfying \(\Lambda(t)\sim\sigma_j\) for \(z\in[N_j,N_{j+1}]\) and \(j\in{\mathbb N}_0\); then the authors prove that \[ \mathcal {E}_c^{B^{\sigma,N}_{p,q}}(t)\sim \left(\int_t^{N_0^{-1}}\Lambda(y^{-1})^{-q'} y^{-(\frac{n}{p}+1)q'}\frac{dy}{y}\right)^{1/q'}, \] if \(q\in(1,\infty]\), otherwise, for \(q\in(0,1]\), appropriately modified by \[ \mathcal {E}_c^{B^{\sigma,N}_{p,q}}(t)\sim\sup_{y\in[t,N_0^{-1}]} \Lambda(y^{-1})^{-1}y^{-(\frac{n}{p}+1)}, \] where \(1/q+1/q'=1\). There exists a parallel result for \(F\)-spaces. In fact, the authors give even more precise characterizations leading to the concept of so-called continuity envelopes, where the continuity envelope function \(\mathcal {E}_c^X\) is complemented by the fine index \(u_X\). Moreover, if the lower Boyd index \(\underline{s}(\sigma N^{-n/p})>0\), the authors obtain the sharp embedding result that \(A^{\sigma,N}_{p,q}({\mathbb R}^n)\hookrightarrow \text{Lip}^1({\mathbb R}^n)\) if and only if \(\sigma^{-1}N^{n/p+1}\in l_{u'_A}\), where \(A\) denotes \(B\) or \(F\), \(u_A=q\) when \(A=B\), and \(u_A=p\) when \(A=F\), and \(\frac{1}{u'_A}=\max(1-\frac{1}{u_A},0)\). The authors also prove a criterion for the embedding \(A^{\sigma,N}_{p_1,q_1}({\mathbb R}^n)\hookrightarrow A^{\tau,N}_{p_2,q_2}({\mathbb R}^n)\) in the limiting case \(\underline{s}(\sigma N^{-n/{p_1}})=\overline{s}(\tau N^{-n/{p_2}})\). Finally, these envelope results are used to obtain some Hardy type inequalities.

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