Canonical coordinates for a class of solvable groups
Let \(G\) be a connected Lie group with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\), and \(\Omega\subset \mathfrak g^*\) a coadjoint orbit of \(G\). Then \(\Omega\) is endowed with a canonical symplectic structure, meaning that \(\omega\) admits a closed two-form \(w\) which is non-degenerate at each point of \(\Omega\). If \((U,c)\) is a chart in \(\Omega\) with \(c=(p_1,\dots,p_d,q_1,\dots,q_d)\), then \((p_i,q_j)_{1\leq i,j\leq d}\) are called canonical coordinates on \(U\) if \[ w| U=\sum_{j=1}^ddp_i\wedge dq_j. \] In many contexts of Lie groups, it is possible to define global canonical coordinates for a given coadjoint orbit, which means that the domain of the chart \(c\) is the whole orbit. This is for instance the case when \(G\) is nilpotent, connected and simply connected. In this case, \textit{N. V. Pedersen} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 315, No. 2, 511--563 (1989; Zbl 0684.22004)] constructed a \(G-\)invariant layering for \(\mathfrak g^*\) and built on each layer regular rational functions \((p_i,q_j)\) which form global canonical coordinates. The same author showed later in [Math. Ann. 281, No. 4, 633--669 (1988; Zbl 0629.22004)] that global canonical coordinates exist in the context of exponential Lie groups \(G\), which means that \(G\) is solvable and the exponential mapping \(\exp:\mathfrak g\rightarrow G\) is injective. To give an explicit form of these coordinates, the authors of the paper under review pay attention to the case where \(G\) is completely solvable [cf. the authors and \textit{M. Ben Ammar}, J. Lie Theory 15, No. 2, 521--560 (2005; Zbl 1074.22003)]) and then on the general case of exponential groups (cf. [the authors, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 361, No. 12, 6283--6348 (2009; Zbl 1187.22003)], where real polarizations exist for any given linear form of the dual vector space. In this case they built up some ultrafine layers characterized by the properties of the jump indices following the ideas of Pedersen. The paper under review treats a family of connected, simply connected, solvable Lie groups of the form \(G=NH\), where \(N\) is the nilpotent radical of \(G\) and \(H\) is a vector group acting semi-simply on \(N\). In this situation, the authors build also an explicit construction of an ultra-layering of \(\mathfrak g^*\). When they specialize to the case where the class \(R\) is of type I, they show that any ultra-layer has the structure of a fiber bundle, which allows them to produce explicit local canonical coordinates.
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