Internal DLA and the Gaussian free field

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Publication:2441491



Abstract: In previous works, we showed that the internal DLA cluster on �^d with t particles is a.s. spherical up to a maximal error of O(log t) if d=2 and O(sqrt{log t}) if d > 2. This paper addresses "average error": in a certain sense, the average deviation of internal DLA from its mean shape is of constant order when d=2 and of order r^{1-d/2} (for a radius r cluster) in general. Appropriately normalized, the fluctuations (taken over time and space) scale to a variant of the Gaussian free field.


An internal diffusion-limited aggregation is an increasing family of unions of sets defined by the first place where a random walk hits a given space, and the present paper investigates the average properties of this growing family of sets. A Fortuin-Kasteleyn-Ginibre inequality is derived, and a two-dimensional central limit theorem is derived, which obviously is not in the standard form.




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