Hilbert transform characterization and Fefferman-Stein decomposition for Triebel-Lizorkin spaces
Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms and other transforms of Fourier type (42B10) Function spaces arising in harmonic analysis (42B35) Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems (42C40) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)
It is well known that the real Hardy space \(H^1(\mathbb{R})\) can be characterized by the boundedness in \(L^1(\mathbb{R})\) of the Hilbert transform \({\mathcal H}\); that is, \(f\in H^1(\mathbb{R})\) if and only if \(f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})\) and \({\mathcal H} (f)\in L^1(\mathbb{R})\). On the other hand, the Fefferman-Stein decomposition implies that a function \(f\in BMO(\mathbb{R})\) can be represented as \(f_0+{\mathcal H} (f_1)\) where \(f_0\) and \(f_1\) are in \(L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})\). Since \(H^1=\dot{F}_1^{0,2}\) and \(BMO=\dot{F}_{\infty}^{0,2}\) (both are particular cases of the so called homogeneous Triebel-Lizorkin spaces \(\dot{F}_{p}^{0,q}\)), and due to the fact that the dual of \(H^1(\mathbb{R})\) is \(BMO(\mathbb{R})\), it is natural to ask whether these properties are preserved for the intermediate spaces \(\dot{F}_1^{0,q}\) (\(q\geq 2\)) and their corresponding dual \(\dot{F}_{\infty}^{0,q'}\). This article gives affirmative answers to these questions from the definition of the suitable relative \(L^1\) and \(L^{\infty}\) spaces. The proofs use a characterization of the corresponding Triebel-Lizorkin spaces in terms of Meyer wavelets.
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