Hilbert transform characterization and Fefferman-Stein decomposition for Triebel-Lizorkin spaces (Q2443022)

It is well known that the real Hardy space \(H^1(\mathbb{R})\) can be characterized by the boundedness in \(L^1(\mathbb{R})\) of the Hilbert transform \({\mathcal H}\); that is, \(f\in H^1(\mathbb{R})\) if and only if \(f\in L^1(\mathbb{R})\) and \({\mathcal H} (f)\in L^1(\mathbb{R})\). On the other hand, the Fefferman-Stein decomposition implies that a function \(f\in BMO(\mathbb{R})\) can be represented as \(f_0+{\mathcal H} (f_1)\) where \(f_0\) and \(f_1\) are in \(L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})\). Since \(H^1=\dot{F}_1^{0,2}\) and \(BMO=\dot{F}_{\infty}^{0,2}\) (both are particular cases of the so called homogeneous Triebel-Lizorkin spaces \(\dot{F}_{p}^{0,q}\)), and due to the fact that the dual of \(H^1(\mathbb{R})\) is \(BMO(\mathbb{R})\), it is natural to ask whether these properties are preserved for the intermediate spaces \(\dot{F}_1^{0,q}\) (\(q\geq 2\)) and their corresponding dual \(\dot{F}_{\infty}^{0,q'}\). This article gives affirmative answers to these questions from the definition of the suitable relative \(L^1\) and \(L^{\infty}\) spaces. The proofs use a characterization of the corresponding Triebel-Lizorkin spaces in terms of Meyer wavelets.