Irreducibility and the distribution of some exponential sums

DOI10.1016/J.FFA.2013.04.002MaRDI QIDQ2447746zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Fernando Chamizo, Jorge Jiménez Urroz

Publication date 28 April 2014

Published in Finite Fields and their Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ffa.2013.04.002

zbMATH Keywords

absolute irreducibility exponential sums Weil bound

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Polynomials over finite fields (11T06) Exponential sums (11T23)

Review text

Consider the generalized Gauss sum \[ S_a=\sum_{n=1}^p e\left(\frac{aP(n)}{p}\right), \] where \(e(x)=e^{2\pi ix}\), \(p\) is a prime, \(a\in\mathbb Z\) and \(P(x)\in\mathbb Z[x]\). This arises in the study of certain Fourier series. Given \(0<\alpha< \beta< 1\), one would like to have an inequality of the form \(|S_a|\geq C\sqrt{p}\), for all \(a\) in the interval \([p\alpha , p\beta ]\). However, this does not hold in general. For instance, if \(P\) is a permutation polynomial then \(S_a=0\) for \(1\leq a < p\). The authors first reduce the problem to the full interval \([1, p)\) by proving \[ \sum_{p\alpha\leq a\leq p\beta} |S_a|^2=(\beta-\alpha)\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}|S_a|^2+O(p^{3/2}\log p), \] where the \(O\)-constant depends only on \(P\). The main result is: if \(P\) is not a composition of linear and Dickson polynomials (and so not a permutation polynomial for infinitely many primes) then \[ \sum_{a=1}^{p-1} |S_a|^2\geq p^2+O(p^{3/2}). \] The same inequality holds for an arbitrary nonlinear \(P\), but only for a positive portion of the primes.

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