Valuations and surface area measures

Length, area, volume, other geometric measure theory (28A75) Length, area and volume in real or complex geometry (51M25) Length, area, volume and convex sets (aspects of convex geometry) (52A38) Dissections and valuations (Hilbert's third problem, etc.) (52B45)

Abstract: We consider valuations defined on polytopes containing the origin which have measures on the sphere as values. We show that the classical surface area measure is essentially the only such valuation which is SL(n) contravariant of degree one. Moreover, for all real

p

, an

L_{p}

version of the above result is established for GL(n) contravariant valuations of degree

p

. This provides a characterization of the

L_{p}

surface area measures from the

L_{p}

Brunn-Minkowski theory.

Review text

Let \(\mathcal{P}_0^n\) denote the set of all convex polytopes \(P \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n\) that contain the origin, \(\mathcal{M}(S^{n-1})\) the space of finite positive Borel measures on the Euclidean unit sphere \(S^{n-1} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n\), and \(\mathrm{SL}(n)\) the special linear group on \(\mathbb{R}^n\). A valuation on \(\mathcal{P}_0^n\) with values in \(\mathcal{M}(S^{n-1})\) is a map \(\mu:\mathcal{P}_0^n \to \mathcal{M}(S^{n-1})\) such that \(\mu(P \cup Q)+\mu(P \cap Q)=\mu(P) + \mu(Q)\) whenever \(P,Q, P \cup Q, P \cap Q \in \mathcal{P}_0^n\). Moreover, \(\mu\) is called \(\mathrm{SL}(n)\) contravariant of degree \(p \in \mathbb{R}\) if \(\int_{S^{n-1}} fd\mu(\phi P,\cdot)= \int_{S^{n-1}} f \circ (\phi^{-1})^t d\mu(P,\cdot)\) for every \(\phi \in \mathrm{SL}(n)\), \(P \in \mathcal{P}_0^n\), and every continuous \(p\)-homogeneous function \(f: \mathbb{R}^n \setminus \{0\} \to \mathbb{R}\). A first theorem says that a map \(\mu: \mathcal{P}_0^n \to \mathcal{M}(S^{n-1})\), \(n \geq 3\), is an \(\mathrm{SL}(n)\) contravariant valuation of degree \(1\) if and only if there exist constants \(c_1,c_2,c_3,c_4 \in \mathbb{R}\) with \(c_1,c_2,c_1+c_3,c_2+c_4 \geq 0\) such that \(\mu(P,\cdot)=c_1 S(P,\cdot)+ c_2 S(-P,\cdot)+ c_3 S^\ast(P,\cdot)+c_4 S^\ast(-P,\cdot)\) for every \(P \in \mathcal{P}_0^n\). Here \(S(P,\cdot)=\sum_{u \in \mathcal{N}(P)} V_{n-1}(F_u) \delta_u\) is the surface area measure of \(P\) (i.e., \(\mathcal{N}(P)\) consists of all unit facet normals, \(V_{n-1}(F_u)\) is the \((n-1)\)-dimensional volume of the facet corresponding to \(u\), and \(\delta_u\) is the Dirac probability measure supported at \(u\)). \(S^\ast(P,\cdot)\) is defined analogously, involving only facets that do not contain the origin. Similar results are obtained for \(\mathrm{SL}(n)\) (or \(\mathrm{GL}(n)\)) contravariant valuations of degree \(p \neq 1\). They can be expressed by the aid of the \(L_p\) surface area measure.

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