The link surgery of S^2 S^2 and Scharlemann's manifolds

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Publication:2451097



Abstract: Fintushel-Stern's knot surgery gave many pairs of exotic manifolds, which are homeomorphic but non-diffeomorphic. We show that if an elliptic fibration has two parallel, oppositely oriented vanishing circles (for example S2imesS2 or Matsumoto's S4), then the knot surgery gives rise to standard manifolds. The diffeomorphism can give an alternative proof that Scharlemann's manifold is standard (originally by Akbulut [Ak1]).


In [Invent. Math. 134 (2), 363--400 (1998; Zbl 0914.57015)], \textit{R. Fintushel} and \textit{R. J. Stern} introduced a powerful operation (known as \textit{Fintushel-Stern's knot surgery}) on a simply-connected smooth 4-manifold \(X\), so that the resulting 4-manifold is homeomorphic to \(X\), but can be distinguished smoothly from \(X\) by the Seiberg-Witten invariant whenever the Alexander polynomial of the involved knot is non-trivial. During the last decades, Fintushel-Stern's knot surgery made it possible to produce many exotic 4-manifolds. The present paper shows that there are a lot of examples of Fintushel-Stern's knot surgery which do not produce exotic pairs: in fact, the author proves that, if an elliptic fibration has two parallel oppositely-oriented vanishing cycles (as it happens in \(\mathbb S^2 \times \mathbb S^2\) or Matsumoto's \(\mathbb S^4\)), then the knot surgery does not change the differential structure. As a consequence, the author generalizes a well-known result by \textit{S. Akbulut} [Turk. J. Math. 23, No. 1, 19--31 (1999; Zbl 0947.57024)], concerning knot surgery on \(\mathbb S^2 \times \mathbb S^2\). The paper takes into account also link surgery by Fintushel and Stern, and yields a complete classification of link surgery of \(\mathbb S^2 \times \mathbb S^2\) . Moreover, the author generalizes to an arbitrary knot Akbulut's celebrated result that \textit{Scharlemann's manifold} is standard (see [\textit{S. Akbulut}, Ann. Math. (2) 149, No. 2, 497--510 (1999; Zbl 0931.57016)]). \smallskip As the author himself points out, some results have also been independently obtained in [\textit{S. Akbulut}, Forum Math. 25 (3), 639-645 (2013; Zbl 1270.57062)]; however, the present proofs involve different techniques, based essentially on knot surgery in some achiral elliptic fibration.











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