Normal forms for semilinear equations with non-dense domain with applications to age structured models

Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Bifurcation theory of functional-differential equations (34K18) Normal forms for dynamical systems (37G05) Normal forms, center manifold theory, bifurcation theory for infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L10)

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In this article, the authors develop a normal form theory for the following abstract Cauchy problem \[ \frac{du(t)}{dt}=Au(t)+F(u(t)),\quad u(0)=x\in \overline{D(A)}, \eqno{(1)} \] where \(A:D(A)\subset X\to X\) is a non-densely defined linear operator on a Banach space \(X\), and \(F:\overline{D(A)}\to X\) is a \(k\)-time continuously differentiable function for some \(k\geq 2\). Such Cauchy problems (1) are said to be non-densely defined if \(\overline{D(A)}\neq X.\) Therefore \(A\) is not the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous semigroup of bounded linear operators on \(X\), and in general, \(F(x)\) does not belong to \(\overline{D(A)}\). So the solution of system (1) is not a mild solution derived from the classical theory. The motivation comes from the investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of structured feature population models described by various types of partial differential equations with nonlinear and nonlocal boundary conditions [the authors, ibid. 244, No. 7, 1784--1809 (2008; Zbl 1178.34072); \textit{P. Magal}, Electron. J. Differ. Equ. 2001, Paper No. 65, 35 p. (2001; Zbl 0992.35019); \textit{P. Magal} and \textit{S. Ruan}, Adv. Differ. Equ. 14, No. 11--12, 1041--1084 (2009; Zbl 1225.47042)]. The aim of the authors is to develop a normal form theory for semilinear Cauchy problems in which the linear operator is not densely defined and is not a Hille-Yosida operator. The obtained results are applied to the determination of the direction of the Hopf bifurcations and stability of bifurcating solutions in a structured evolutionary-epidemiological model of influenza A drift and in age structured population models.

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