Hamiltonian structure for dispersive and dissipative dynamical systems
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Publication:2454863
Abstract: We develop a Hamiltonian theory of a time dispersive and dissipative inhomogeneous medium, as described by a linear response equation respecting causality and power dissipation. The proposed Hamiltonian couples the given system to auxiliary fields, in the universal form of a so-called canonical heat bath. After integrating out the heat bath the original dissipative evolution is exactly reproduced. Furthermore, we show that the dynamics associated to a minimal Hamiltonian are essentially unique, up to a natural class of isomorphisms. Using this formalism, we obtain closed form expressions for the energy density, energy flux, momentum density, and stress tensor involving the auxiliary fields, from which we derive an approximate, ``Brillouin-type, formula for the time averaged energy density and stress tensor associated to an almost mono-chromatic wave.
The authors propose a new Hamiltonian for time dispersive and dissipative dynamical system without introducing neither negative friction nor mirror-images. As a consequence of this approach, it will be possible to clarify the concept of radiation energy density and stress tensor for dissipative media, like for instance dielectric media with complex valued frequency dependent relations. As a carefully dealt with example, one considers Maxwell's equations in an inhomogeneous time dispersive and dissipative medium. The appendix collect material such as the proofs of the theoretical results, the spectral theory of operators on a real Hilbert space, nonlinear systems with linear friction and mutual relations between energy, momentum and stress tensor.
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