Determining a magnetic Schrödinger operator from partial Cauchy data

DOI10.1007/S00220-006-0151-9MaRDI QIDQ2472450zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors David Dos Santos Ferreira, C. E. Kenig, Gunther Uhlmann, Johannes Sjöstrand

Publication date 22 February 2008

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0601466

complex geometrical optics solution Dirichlet to Neumann map inverse problem magnetic Schrödinger operator

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Inverse problems for PDEs (35R30) Geometric optics (78A05) Inverse problems (including inverse scattering) in optics and electromagnetic theory (78A46) Biomedical imaging and signal processing (92C55)

Abstract: In this paper we show, in dimension n >=3, that knowledge of the Cauchy data for the Schroedinger equation in the presence of a magnetic potential, measured on possibly very small subsets of the boundary, determines uniquely the magnetic field and the electric potential.

Review text

Suppose that \(n\geq 3\) and \(\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n\) is a bounded domain with smooth boundary. For a real magnetic potential \(A\in C^2(\overline{\Omega},\mathbb{R}^n)\) and a bounded electric potential \(q\in L^\infty(\Omega)\) consider the magnetic Schrödinger operator \[ \mathcal{L}_{A,q}(x,D):=\sum_{j=1}^n(-\text{i}\partial_j+A_j(x))^2+q(x). \] It is assumed that \(0\) is not an eigenvalue of \(\mathcal{L}_{A,q}\colon H^2(\Omega)\cap H^1_0(\Omega)\to L^2(\Omega)\). If \(\nu\) is the exterior unit normal to \(\partial\Omega\) then let us define the Dirichlet to Neumann map (DN map) \[ \mathcal{N}_{A,q}\colon H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)\to H^{-1/2}(\partial\Omega) \] by \[ \mathcal{N}_{A,q}(f) :=((\partial_\nu+\text{i}A\cdot\nu) \mathcal{L}_{A,q}^{-1}f)| _{\partial\Omega}, \] where \(\mathcal{L}_{A,q}^{-1}\colon H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)\to H^1(\Omega)\) is the Dirichlet inverse of \(\mathcal{L}_{A,q}\). If \(x_0\in\mathbb{R}^n\backslash\overline{\text{conv}(\Omega)}\) then \[ F(x_0):=\{x\in\partial\Omega\mid(x-x_0)\cdot\nu(x)\leq0\} \] is the front side of \(\partial\Omega\) with respect to \(x_0\). The main result is the following: Suppose that \(\Omega\) is simply connected, \(A_1,A_2\in C^2(\overline{\Omega},\mathbb{R}^n)\) are two real magnetic potentials, \(q_1,q_2\in L^\infty(\Omega)\) are two electric potentials, and \(\mathcal{L}_{A_k,q_k}\) is invertible in the sense mentioned above, for \(k=1,2\). If the images of \(\mathcal{N}_{A_1,q_1}\) and \(\mathcal{N}_{A_2,q_2}\) coincide when restricted to a neighborhood of \(F(x_0)\) for some \(x_0\) as above, then \(A_1\) and \(A_2\) differ only by a gradient and \(q_1=q_2\). In other words, if \(n=3\) the magnetic field and electric potential can be recovered from the values of the images of the DN map on one side of the boundary of the domain. In particular, if \(\Omega\) is strongly starshaped with respect to a point \(x_0\in\partial\Omega\) then the images of the DN map, restricted to a neighborhood of \(x_0\), determine the magnetic field and the electric potential. This work complements the results in [Ann. Math. (2) 165, No. 2, 567--591 (2007; Zbl 1127.35079)].

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