A non-local inverse problem with boundary response
Dependence of solutions to PDEs on initial and/or boundary data and/or on parameters of PDEs (35B30) Continuation and prolongation of solutions to PDEs (35B60) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Inverse problems for PDEs (35R30)
Summary: The problem of interest in this article is to study the (non-local) inverse problem of recovering a potential based on the boundary measurement associated with the fractional Schrödinger equation. Let \(0 < a < 1\), and let \(u\) u solve \[ \begin{cases} ((-{\Delta})^a + q) u = 0 \quad \text{in } {\Omega}, \\ \operatorname{supp} u \subseteq \overline{{\Omega}} \cup \overline{W}, \\ \overline{W} \cap \overline{{\Omega}} = {\emptyset}. \end{cases} \] We show that, by making an exterior to boundary measurement as \(\left(u |_W , \frac{u (x)}{d (x)^a} \middle\vert_{{\Sigma}}\right)\), it is possible to determine \(q\) uniquely in \(\Omega\), where \({\Sigma} \subseteq {\partial} {\Omega}\) is a non-empty open subset and \(d (x) = d (x, {\partial} {\Omega})\) denotes the boundary distance function. We also discuss a local characterization of large \(a\)-harmonic functions in a ball or in the half space and its applications, which include boundary unique continuation and a local density result.
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