Integration by parts and Pohozaev identities for space-dependent fractional-order operators

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2016.04.017zbMATH Open1375.35600arXiv1511.03901OpenAlexW2257398441MaRDI QIDQ285633FDOQ285633

Authors: Gerd Grubb 

Publication date: 19 May 2016

Published in: Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Consider a classical elliptic pseudodifferential operator $P$ on ${BbbR}^n$ of order $2a$ ($0<a<1)$ with even symbol. For example, $P=A(x,D{)}^a$ where $A(x,D)$ is a second-order strongly elliptic differential operator; the fractional Laplacian $(-Delta{)}^a$ is a particular case. For solutions $u$ of the Dirichlet problem on a bounded smooth subset $Omegasubset{BbbR}^n$, we show an integration-by-parts formula with a boundary integral involving $(d^{-a}u){|}_{partialOmega}$, where $d(x)=operatornamedist(x,partialOmega)$. This extends recent results of Ros-Oton, Serra and Valdinoci, to operators that are $x$-dependent, nonsymmetric, and have lower-order parts. We also generalize their formula of Pohozaev-type, that can be used to prove unique continuation properties, and nonexistence of nontrivial solutions of semilinear problems. An illustration is given with $P=(-Delta+m^2{)}^a$. The basic step in our analysis is a factorization of $P$, $Psim{P}^{-}{P}^{+}$, where we set up a calculus for the generalized pseudodifferential operators $P^{p}m$ that come out of the construction.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.03901

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zbMATH Keywords

fractional Laplacianpseudodifferential operator\(a\)-transmission propertynonlocal Dirichlet problemPohozaev identitysymbol factorization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Boundary value problems for PDEs with pseudodifferential operators (35S15) Pseudodifferential operators (47G30)

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