Limited regularity of solutions to fractional heat and Schrödinger equations

DOI10.3934/DCDS.2019148MaRDI QIDQ2423637zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gerd Grubb

Publication date 20 June 2019

Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.10021

zbMATH Keywords

fractional Laplacianfractional heat equationpseudodifferential operatorstable processlimited spatial regularityfractional Schrödinger Dirichlet problemlp and Hölder estimates

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Heat equation (35K05) Initial-boundary value problems for higher-order parabolic equations (35K35) Stable stochastic processes (60G52) Pseudodifferential operators (47G30)

Abstract: When $P$ is the fractional Laplacian $(-Delta{)}^a$, $0<a<1$, or a pseudodifferential generalization thereof, the Dirichlet problem for the associated heat equation over a smooth set $Omegasubset{BbbR}^n$: $r^{+}Pu(x,t)+partia{l}_{t}u(x,t)=f(x,t)$ on $Omegaimes,]0,T[,$, $u(x,t)=0$ for $xotinOmega$, $u(x,0)=0$, is known to be solvable in relatively low-order Sobolev or H"older spaces. We now show that in contrast with differential operator cases, the regularity of $u$ in $x$ at $partialOmega$ when $f$ is very smooth cannot in general be improved beyond a certain estimate. An improvement requires the vanishing of a Neumann boundary value. --- There is a similar result for the Schr"odinger Dirichlet problem $r^{+}Pv(x)+Vv(x)=g(x)$ on $Omega$, $v(x)=0$ for $xotinOmega$, with $V(x)in{C}^{i}nfty$. The proofs involve a precise description, of interest in itself, of the Dirichlet domains in terms of regular functions and functions with a $dist(x,partialOmega{)}^a$ singularity.

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Cited in

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