Uniqueness and reconstruction for the fractional Calderón problem with a single measurement

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2020.108505MaRDI QIDQ2173760zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Angkana Rüland, Mikko Salo, Gunther Uhlmann, Tuhin Ghosh

Publication date 17 April 2020

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04449

zbMATH Keywords

fractional Laplacianfractional Schrödinger equationsingle measurementunique continuation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continuation and prolongation of solutions to PDEs (35B60) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Inverse problems for PDEs (35R30)

Abstract: We show global uniqueness in the fractional Calder'on problem with a single measurement and with data on arbitrary, possibly disjoint subsets of the exterior. The previous work cite{GhoshSaloUhlmann} considered the case of infinitely many measurements. The method is again based on the strong uniqueness properties for the fractional equation, this time combined with a unique continuation principle from sets of measure zero. We also give a constructive procedure for determining an unknown potential from a single exterior measurement, based on constructive versions of the unique continuation result that involve different regularization schemes.

Review text

In this interesting paper under review, the authors show the global uniqueness in an inverse problem for the fractional Schrödinger equation with a single measurement and provide a reconstruction algorithm. More precisely, let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\) be a bounded open set and \(\Omega_e=\mathbb{R}^n\setminus \overline{\Omega}\) be the exterior domain. Let \(\Lambda_q\) be the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map given by \[\Lambda_q: f\mapsto (-\Delta)^s u \big|_{\Omega_e},\] where \(u\) and \(f\) are related through the fractional Schrödinger equation \[ ((-\Delta)^s +q) u=0 \text{ in } \Omega, \quad u=f \text{ in } \Omega_e,\] with the potential \(q\) chosen such that zero is not an eigenvalue. Assume that either \(s\in [\frac{1}{4},1)\) and \(q\in L^\infty(\Omega)\) or \(q\in C^0(\overline{\Omega})\). The authors show that, given any nonempty open sets \(W_1, W_2\subset \Omega_e\) with \(\overline{\Omega}\cap W_1=\emptyset\), and given any nonzero function \(f\) supported in \(W_1\), the potential \(q\) is uniquely determined by the single function \(f\) and the single measurement \(\Lambda_q(f)\big|_{W_2}\). Moreover, an explicit reconstruction procedure to recover the potential \(q\) from \(f\) and \(\Lambda_q(f)\) is given. Note that the previous work [\textit{T. Ghosh} et al., Anal. PDE 13, No. 2, 455--475 (2020; Zbl 1439.35530)] considers infinitely many measurements, where one knows \(\Lambda_q(f)\big|_{W_2}\) for all \(f\in C_c^\infty(W_1)\). The proof is based on the strong approximation properties for the fractional Schrödinger equation and a unique continuation principle from sets of measure zero.

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