Generalized inverse mean curvature flows in spacetime

DOI10.1007/S00220-007-0203-9MaRDI QIDQ2472464zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Hubert L. Bray, Sean A. Hayward, Marc Mars, Walter Simon

Publication date 22 February 2008

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0603014

zbMATH Keywords

Hawking massinverse mean curvature flowsPenrose inequalityuniformly expanding flows

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Global differential geometry of Lorentz manifolds, manifolds with indefinite metrics (53C50) Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80)

Abstract: Motivated by the conjectured Penrose inequality and by the work of Hawking, Geroch, Huisken and Ilmanen in the null and the Riemannian case, we examine necessary conditions on flows of two-surfaces in spacetime under which the Hawking quasilocal mass is monotone. We focus on a subclass of such flows which we call uniformly expanding, which can be considered for null as well as for spacelike directions. In the null case, local existence of the flow is guaranteed. In the spacelike case, the uniformly expanding condition leaves a 1-parameter freedom, but for the whole family, the embedding functions satisfy a forward-backward parabolic system for which local existence does not hold in general. Nevertheless, we have obtained a generalization of the weak (distributional) formulation of this class of flows, generalizing the corresponding step of Huisken and Ilmanen's proof of the Riemannian Penrose inequality.

Review text

Let \(S\) be an oriented, space-like, closed, \(C^2\) embedded \(2\)-surface in a space-time \((V, g)\). Let \(\vec\xi\) be a \(C^2\) normal vector field on \(S\), \(\vec H\) the mean curvature vector of the surface, and \(M_H(S)\) its Hawking mass. Let \(S_\lambda\) be any flow of space-like two-surfaces starting at \(S\) with \(\vec\xi\) as normal component of the initial velocity. The authors examine necessary conditions on flows of \(2\)-surfaces in space-time under which the Hawking quasi-local mass is monotone. One of these conditions states that the mean curvature vector \(\vec H\) is space-like or null on \(S\), and \(\vec\xi\) points into the same causal quadrant as \(\vec H\). They consider a subclass of uniformly expanding flows which can be studied for null as well as for space-like directions. In the null case, the flow exists locally. In the space-like case, the uniformly expanding condition leaves a \(1\)-parameter freedom, but for the whole family, the embedding functions satisfy a forward-backward parabolic system for which local existence does not hold in general.

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Cited in

(23)

• On center of mass and foliations by constant spacetime mean curvature surfaces for isolated systems in general relativity
• General bounds on holographic complexity
• A survey of spherically symmetric spacetimes
• Time flat surfaces and the monotonicity of the spacetime Hawking mass
• Umbilical properties of spacelike co-dimension two submanifolds
• On the shape of bodies in general relativistic regimes
• Time flat surfaces and the monotonicity of the spacetime Hawking mass. II
• Involute, minimal, outer and increasingly trapped surfaces
• Mathematical general relativity: a sampler
• Zero area singularities in general relativity and inverse mean curvature flow
• A family of quasi-local mass functionals with monotone flows
• Quasi-local mass via isometric embeddings: a review from a geometric perspective
• Deformation of codimension-2 surfaces and horizon thermodynamics
• The Hawking energy on the past lightcone in cosmology
• Quasi-local energy-momentum and angular momentum in general relativity
• The inverse spatial Laplacian of spherically symmetric spacetimes
• A note on inverse mean curvature flow in cosmological spacetimes
• Subregion independence in gravity
• Quasilocal inequalities for the attractive gravity probe surface
• On the evolution of hypersurfaces along their inverse space-time mean curvature
• The Hawking energy on photon surfaces
• Quasi-local mass functionals and generalized inverse mean curvature flow
• The inverse mean curvature flow in cosmological spacetimes

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