Half-delocalization of eigenfunctions for the Laplacian on an Anosov manifold

DOI10.5802/AIF.2340MaRDI QIDQ2477567zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nalini Anantharaman, Stéphane Nonnenmacher

Publication date 14 March 2008

Published in Annales de l’institut Fourier (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0610019, http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AIF_2007__57_7_2465_0, https://eudml.org/doc/10304

zbMATH Keywords

Anosov flows entropy ergodic theory quantum chaos semiclassical measure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Entropy and other invariants (28D20) Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P20) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40) Dynamical systems of geometric origin and hyperbolicity (geodesic and horocycle flows, etc.) (37D40) Spectral flows (58J30) Quantum chaos (81Q50) Phase-space methods including Wigner distributions, etc. applied to problems in quantum mechanics (81S30)

Abstract: We study the high-energy eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on a compact Riemannian manifold with Anosov geodesic flow. The localization of a semiclassical measure associated with a sequence of eigenfunctions is characterized by the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of this measure. We show that this entropy is necessarily bounded from below by a constant which, in the case of constant negative curvature, equals half the maximal entropy. In this sense, high-energy eigenfunctions are at least half-delocalized.

Review text

In the present paper the authors study high energy eigenfunctions \(\psi\), of the Laplacian on a compact Riemannian manifold \(M\) with Anosov geodesic flow. The Quantum Unique Ergodicity conjecture asserts that for such eigenfunctions the corresponding probability density \(| \psi| ^2dx\) (or rather the corresponding Wigner distribution \(W_\psi\) on the cotangent bundle \(T^*M\)) should (weakly) approach the Riemannian volume, when the corresponding eigenvalue tends to infinity. It has been shown by Schnirelman, Zelditch and Colin de Verdière that this is true for almost all eigenfunctions. However, the question whether there could be exceptional sequences of eigenfunctions with different semiclassical limits remains open in general, and has been shown only for special arithmetic surfaces. The authors study the limiting measures of these eigenfunctions, which are shown to be probability measures on the unit cotangent bundle \(S^*M\), and the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of these measures. An equivalent condition to the quantum unique ergodicity conjecture in terms of entropy would be that any limiting measure \(\mu\) must have the maximal possible entropy, that is \[ h_{KS}(\mu)=\left| \int_{S^*M}\log J^u(x)\,d\mu(x)\right| , \] where \(J^u(x)\) is the unstable Jacobian of the flow at the point \(x\in S^*M\). The main result in this paper is a lower bound for the entropy given by \[ h_{KS}(\mu)\geq \frac{3}{2}\left| \int_{S^*M}\log J^u(x)\,d\mu(x)\right| -(d-1)\lambda_{\max} \] where \(d=\dim{M}\) and \(\lambda_{\max}\) is the maximal expansion rate of the geodesic flow. In particular for constant sectional curvature \(-1\) this means that \(h_{KS}(\mu)\geq \frac{d-1}{2}\) is bounded by half of the maximal entropy. The authors remark that it should be possible to extend their methods to obtain the bound of half the maximal entropy \[ h_{KS}(\mu)\geq \frac{1}{2}\left| \int_{S^*M}\log J^u(x)\,d\mu(x)\right| , \] also for variable curvature. This would be the optimal bound one could hope to obtain in general without assuming more precise information. Indeed, there are Anosov systems, such as the quantum cat map, where quantum unique ergodicity fails and the bound of half the maximal entropy is actually sharp.

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