Heron triangles via elliptic curves
Triangles with rational sides (denoted \(a\), \(b\), \(c\)) and area are known as Heron triangles. The paper deals with the problem of finding an Heron triangle of given area \(n\in \mathbb{Q}\) (if one finds a right triangle then \(n\) is known as congruent number). The main result shows that Heron triangles of area \(n\) exist if and only if for some nonzero rational \(\tau\) the elliptic curve \(E^{(n)}_\tau: y^2=x(x-n\tau)(x-n\tau^{-1})\) has a nontrivial rational point not of order 2. Mainly using explicit formulas and direct computations the authors also describe conditions for the triangle to be isosceles and the set of rational torsion points for the curves \(E^{(n)}_\tau\) (which is always \(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\times \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\) or \(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\times \mathbb{Z}/4\mathbb{Z}\)), thus providing improvements and new proofs of some known results (cited in the references). The paper ends with tables showing for any \(1\leq n\leq 50\) an Heron triangle and generators for the free part of \(E^{(n)}_\tau(\mathbb{Q})\) (computations done using Magma).
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- Heron triangles with two rational medians and Somos-5 sequences
- Construction of an infinite family of elliptic curves of 2-Selmer rank 1 from Heron triangles
- Hyperbolic Heron triangles and elliptic curves
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- On the distribution of rank two \(\tau\)-congruent numbers
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- On elliptic curves via heron triangles and Diophantine triples
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- Size of the 2-Selmer groups for Heronian elliptic curves
- A Heron triangle and a Diophantine equation
- Spherical Heron triangles and elliptic curves
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- Congruent numbers and class groups of associated quadratic fields
- Generators for elliptic curves attached to Heron triangles
- A family of elliptic curves with rank at least 2 derived from Brahmagupta's formula
- On the distribution of \(\tau\)-congruent numbers
- An elliptic \(K3\) surface associated to Heron triangles
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