The symplectomorphism group of a blow up
The author studies the relation between the symplectomorphism group of a closed connected symplectic manifold \(M\) and the symplectomorphism and diffeomorphism groups of its one-point blow up \(\tilde{M}\). The three main results of the paper can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the author investigates the natural mapping \(\tilde{f}_{\ast} \pi_1(M) \rightarrow \pi_0(\text{Diff}\tilde{M} )\) and shows that it is often injective. (\(M\) is assumed to be oriented). Secondly, denote by \(V^V\) the set of continuous maps from a topologival space \(V\) into itself. If \(M\) is simply connected, then the author detects nontrivial elements of \(\pi_1(\text{Diff}\tilde{M})\) that persist into \(\pi_1(\tilde{M}^{\tilde{M}})\). Thirdly, the differences between \(\pi_1(\text{Diff}\tilde{M})\) and \(\pi_1(\text{Symp}\tilde{M})\) are investigated. Moreover, non-trivial elements in higher homology of \(B\text{Symp}\tilde{M}\) are detected using the characteristic class defined by a chosen parametric Gromov-Witten invariant. Morever, some results on the difference between \(\pi_1(\text{Diff}\tilde{M})\) and \(\pi_1(\text{Symp}\tilde{M})\) are true for k-fold blow-ups of 4-manifolds. The paper is divided in six sections. The first presents the main results among which we can quote the following theorems: Theorem 1.1: For any closed oriented 2n-manifold \(M\) the kernel of \[ \tilde{f}_{\ast} : \pi_1M \rightarrow \pi_1(B\text{Diff}\tilde{M}) \] acts trivially on \(\pi_iM\) for \(0 < i < \dim M\). In particular, it is contained in the center of \(\pi_1M\) and vanishes if \(M\) itself is a blow up. It also vanishes if the Euler characteristic of \(M\) is nonzero. Theorem 1.4: Let \(M\) be a simply connected c-symplectic manifold. Then every homologically visible class \([\sigma ] \in \pi_2 (B\text{Diff}^U (M,p))\) has nonzero image under the composite map \(\pi_2 (B\text{Diff}^U(M,p)) \rightarrow \pi_2(B\text{Diff}\tilde{M}) \rightarrow \pi_2(B(\tilde{M}^{\tilde{M}}))\). Theorem 1.9: Suppose that \(\pi_1(M) =0.\) Then the kernel of \[ (\tilde{f}_{\epsilon})_{\ast} : H_{\ast}(M;Q) \rightarrow H_{\ast}(B\text{Ham}(\tilde{M}, \tilde{\omega}_{\epsilon});Q \] is contained in \(\{ \gamma \in H_{\ast}(M;Q): \kappa (\gamma) =0 \) for all \( \kappa \in {\mathcal C}^{\ast} \}\) where \({\mathcal C}^{\ast}\) is the subring of \(H^{\ast}(M;Q)\) generated by the classes in \(H^2(M)\). Section 2 presents some homotopy theoretic approaches to the problem. Theorem 1.4 is proved in section 3 and some other results on c-symplectic manifolds are demonstrated. The following section is concerned with symplectic manifolds. Among other propositions theorem 1.9 is proved. Multiple points blow ups are discussed in section 5. The last section is dedicated to the discussion of the above problems in the case of 4-manifolds. In addition to the proofs some basic and illustrative examples are presented.
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