On the maximal pro-p extension unramified outside p of an imaginary quadratic field
Let \(k=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-m})\) be an imaginary quadratic number field with a square free positive integer \(m\). Let \(G_k(p)\) be the Galois group of the maximal pro-\(p\) extension unramified outside all primes lying above \(p\), where \(p\) is an odd prime number. This paper studies \(G_k(p)\) when the minimal number of defining relations of \(G_k(p)\) is at most one (i.e. \(\dim_{\mathbb{F}_p}\text{H}^2(G_k(p),\mathbb{Z}/p)\leq 1\)). Although the generator rank and the relation rank of \(G_k(p)\) (even for a general number field~\(k\)) have already been characterized by using arithmetic data of \(k\) [\textit{J. Neukirch, A. Schmidt} and \textit{K. Wingberg}, Cohomology of number fields, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften 323. Berlin: Springer (2000; Zbl 0948.11001)]. The author presents an easy-to-compute (for small primes) description for \(G_k(p)\) to be a free pro-\(p\) group of rank \(2\) in terms of the ideal class groups. In the situation that \(\dim_{\mathbb{F}_p}\text{H}^2(G_k(p),\mathbb{Z}/p)>0\), there is no general theory for the relations. The author gives a form of relations of \(G_k(p)\) modulo a closed normal subgroup of infinite index of a free pro-\(p\) group of rank \(3\). Note that \textit{K. Komatsu} [J. Algebra 123, 240--247 (1989; Zbl 0682.12005)] has some related results for real quadratic fields. The author also gives a description for \(G_k(p)\) not to have a relation which doesn't come from a local one.
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