Dynamic behaviors of the periodic Lotka-Volterra competing system with impulsive perturbations
Ordinary differential equations with impulses (34A37) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Qualitative investigation and simulation of ordinary differential equation models (34C60) Asymptotic properties of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D05) Dynamical systems in biology (37N25) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)
The paper studies the classical periodic Lotka-Volterra competing system with impulsive effects \[ \left\{ \begin{aligned} \dot u(t)&=u(t)[b_1(t)-a_{11}(t)u(t)-a_{12}(t)v(t)],\\ \dot v(t)&=v(t)[b_2(t)-a_{21}(t)u(t)-a_{22}(t)v(t)],\qquad t\neq\tau_k, k\in Z_{+},\\ u(\tau_k^+)&=(1+g_{1k})u(\tau_k),\\ v(\tau_k^+)&=(1+g_{2k})v(\tau_k),\qquad t=\tau_k, k\in Z_{+}, \end{aligned} \right. \tag{1} \] where \(b_i(t)\) and \(a_{ij}(t)\) are continuous \(T\)-periodic functions such that \(a_{ij}(t)\geq 0\), \(a_{ii}(t)> 0\), \(\int_0^Tb_i(t)\,dt>0\). It is assumed that \(g_{ik}\) (\(k\in Z_{+}, i=1,2\)) are constants, \(1+g_{ik}>0\) and there exists an integer \(q>0\) such that \(g_{ik+q}=g_{}ik\), \(\tau_{k+q}=\tau_{k}+T\). The conditions for the linear stability of the trivial periodic solution \((u=v=0)\) and semi-trivial periodic solutions are given by applying Floquet theory of linear periodic impulsive equations. The conditions for the global stability of these solutions are also given as a consequence of some abstract monotone iterative schemes introduced in the paper. These iterative schemes are also used to get sufficient conditions for persistence. By using the method of coincidence degree, the conditions for the existence of at least one strictly positive (componentwise) periodic solution are presented. The theoretical results obtained are confirmed by an example and numerical simulations. It is shown that the dynamic behaviors of system (1) are quite different from the corresponding system without impulses.
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