Real geometry of dessins d'enfant

Coverings of curves, fundamental group (14H30) Real algebraic sets (14P05) Topology of real algebraic varieties (14P25) Low-dimensional topology of special (e.g., branched) coverings (57M12)

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A known construction is the following: to each ``dessin d'enfant (in the sense of Grothendieck), one can assign a ramified covering (topological or algebraic) of the complex projective line \(\mathbb {P}^1 (\mathbb{C})\), non ramified over \(\mathbb{P}^1 (\mathbb{C})\setminus\{0,1,\infty\}\). Then one can take the preimage of the real projective line \(\mathbb{P}^1 (\mathbb{R})\) by this covering. In this paper, the author defines an algebraic curve \(\Gamma\) over \(\mathbb{ R}\) such that the set of real points of \(\Gamma\) is precisely the preimage considered above. Then, the author proceeds to study some properties of the curve \(\Gamma\), such as, what are the irreducible components of \(\Gamma\) like (absolutely irreducible or not) and, whether these components do have real points or not. The paper contains two appendices: one describes the Weil restriction of \(\mathbb{C}\) to \(\mathbb{R}\) and the second one presents the notion and properties of ``dessins d'enfant. Some examples are given.

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