Turán's inequality for Appell polynomials

Given a real sequence \((a_n)_n\), \(n=0,1,2,\dots\), define the Appell polynomials \(A_n(x)\) as \[ A_n(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n a_k \binom{n}{k}x^{n-k},\qquad n=0,1,2,\dots \] To this class belongs the Bernoulli polynomials, the ultraspherical polynomials, Laguerre polynomials, etc. Given a sequence of polynomials \((C_n(x))_n\), we said that it satisfies the Turán's inequality (or T property) if (similarly for a real sequence \((c_n)_n\)) \[ C_n^2(x)-C_{n+1}(x)C_{n-1}(x)\geq 0,\quad x\in[a,b],\quad n\in\mathbb{N}. \] In the present paper the author gives necessary and sufficient conditions for some classes of Appell polynomials to satisfy the Turán's inequality. Namely, for the cases when 1) the sequence \((a_n)_n\) is a sequence of positive numbers, and 2) when all zeros of the polynomials \(A_n(x)\) are real. The second case is of special interest in the case when \(A_n(x)\) is a sequence of orthogonal polynomials with respect to a positive definite measure (or functional). Some applications to families of polynomials are included e.g., Hermite, Laguerre and ultraspherical polynomials.

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