Distance to spaces of continuous functions
The use of the interchangeable limit condition in weak compactness can be traced to the proof of the Eberlein theorem and appears explicitly in [\textit{A.\,Grothendieck}, Am.\ J.\ Math.\ 74, 168--186 (1952; Zbl 0046.11702)]. \textit{V.\,Pták} [Proc.\ Symp.\ Pure Math.\ VII, 437--450 (1963; Zbl 0144.16903)] gave a proof of the Krein--Shmulyan theorem using a combinatorial lemma that ensured that the property of interchanging limits with absolutely convex and \(w(E',E)\)-compact subsets of the dual of a locally convex space is preserved by passing to convex hulls. In [Rev.\ Mat.\ Iberoam.\ 21, 237--248 (2005; Zbl 1083.46012)], \textit{M.\,Fabian, P.\,Hájek, V.\,Zizler} and the reviewer proved a quantitative version of the Krein--Shmulyan theorem by modifying Pták's combinatorial lemma and relating the interchangeability of limits to distances from points in the bidual of a Banach space to the space; see, for a different approach, \textit{A.\,S.\thinspace Granero} [Rev.\ Mat.\ Iberoam.\ 22, No.\,1, 93--110 (2006; Zbl 1117.46002)], while \textit{A.\,S.\thinspace Granero, P.\,Hájek} and the reviewer [Math.\ Ann.\ 328, No.\,4, 625--631 (2004; Zbl 1059.46015)] showed that the estimates given there could not be improved. The present paper evolves from this material and shows a more topological (and more general) approach by linking oscillations of functions, the \(\varepsilon\)-interchanging limit property of sets, and distances to spaces of continuous functions. A sample: Let \(X\) be a paracompact space and let \(Z\) be a convex subset of a normed space \(E\). Then, for every bounded map \(f:X\rightarrow Z\), we have \((1/2)\text{osc}(f)\leq \text{dist}(f,C^*(X,Z))\leq \text{osc}(f)\), where \(C^*(X,Z)\) denotes the space of bounded continuous functions from \(X\) into \(Z\). Regarding convex hulls, the authors prove the following Theorem. Let \(Z\) be a compact convex subset of a normed space \(E\), let \(K\) be a set, and let \(H\) be a subspace of \(Z^K\). Then, for each \(\varepsilon\geq 0\), \(H\) \(\varepsilon\)-interchanges limits with \(K\) if and only if \(\text{conv}(H)\) \(\varepsilon\)-interchanges limits with \(K\). Distances to spaces of affine functions and accessibility by sequences to elements of closures of sets of functions that \(\varepsilon\)-interchange limits are also considered. The paper includes several examples proving that the estimates provided are sharp.
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