The generating function of ternary trees and continued fractions

MaRDI QIDQ2500972zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Ira M. Gessel, Guoce Xin

Publication date 30 August 2006

Published in The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0505217, https://eudml.org/doc/126508, http://www.emis.de/journals/EJC/Volume_13/Abstracts/v13i1r53.html

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zbMATH Keywords

alternating sign matricescontinued fractiondeterminant identitiesgenerating functionHankel determinantshypergeometric seriesplane partitions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers (05A17) Continued fractions; complex-analytic aspects (30B70) Classical hypergeometric functions, ({}_2F_1) (33C05)

Abstract: Michael Somos conjectured a relation between Hankel determinants whose entries $$ count ternary trees and the number of certain plane partitions and alternating sign matrices. Tamm evaluated these determinants by showing that the generating function for these entries has a continued fraction that is a special case of Gauss's continued fraction for a quotient of hypergeometric series. We give a systematic application of the continued fraction method to a number of similar Hankel determinants. We also describe a simple method for transforming determinants using the generating function for their entries. In this way we transform Somos's Hankel determinants to known determinants, and we obtain, up to a power of 3, a Hankel determinant for the number of alternating sign matrices. We obtain a combinatorial proof, in terms of nonintersecting paths, of determinant identities involving the number of ternary trees and more general determinant identities involving the number of $r$-ary trees.

Review text

Summary: Michael Somos conjectured a relation between Hankel determinants whose entries \({1\over 2n+1}{3n\choose n}\) count ternary trees and the number of certain plane partitions and alternating sign matrices. Tamm evaluated these determinants by showing that the generating function for these entries has a continued fraction that is a special case of Gauss's continued fraction for a quotient of hypergeometric series. We give a systematic application of the continued fraction method to a number of similar Hankel determinants. We also describe a simple method for transforming determinants using the generating function for their entries. In this way we transform Somos's Hankel determinants to known determinants, and we obtain, up to a power of \(3\), a Hankel determinant for the number of alternating sign matrices. We obtain a combinatorial proof, in terms of nonintersecting paths, of determinant identities involving the number of ternary trees and more general determinant identities involving the number of \(r\)-ary trees.

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Cited in

(35)

• Proof of the Somos-4 Hankel determinants conjecture
• Generating functions for generating trees
• Hankel determinants and shifted periodic continued fractions
• Tiered trees, weights, and \(q\)-Eulerian numbers
• A direct method for evaluating some nice Hankel determinants and proofs of several conjectures
• On Hankel determinants for Dyck paths with peaks avoiding multiple classes of heights
• Hankel determinants, Hahn polynomials, and a formula of Krattenthaler
• Stieltjes moment sequences for pattern-avoiding permutations
• Hankel determinants for convolution powers of Catalan numbers
• Multiply-refined enumeration of alternating sign matrices
• On the classification of easy quantum groups
• Hankel determinants for some common lattice paths
• Advanced determinant calculus: a complement
• Proof of a conjecture on Hankel determinants for Dyck paths with restricted peak heights
• Jacobsthal decompositions of Pascal's triangle, ternary trees, and alternating sign matrices
• Triple and fifth product of divisor functions and tree model
• Advanced computer algebra for determinants
• Pfaffian decomposition and a Pfaffian analogue of q-Catalan Hankel determinants
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7004526 (Why is no real title available?)
• From Fibonacci to Robbins: series reversion and Hankel transforms
• Hankel continued fractions and Hankel determinants of the Euler numbers
• Jacobi continued fraction and Hankel determinants of the Thue-Morse sequence
• Hankel determinant solutions to several discrete integrable systems and the Laurent property
• The combinatorics of \(M'=3M^3T\) and \(T'=T^3M\)
• Asymptotic distribution of singular values of powers of random matrices
• Sufficient condition for (,) Somos 4 Hankel determinants
• On the weighted enumeration of alternating sign matrices and descending plane partitions
• A bijection for essentially 4-connected toroidal triangulations
• Knuth's big-chooser matchbox process: the case of many matchboxes
• Hankel determinants for convolution powers of Narayana polynomials
• Smith normal form in combinatorics
• A multilinear operator for almost product evaluation of Hankel determinants
• Bijections for a class of labeled plane trees
• Determinants of (generalised) Catalan numbers
• Single polygon counting on Cayley tree of order 3

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