Hankel continued fractions and Hankel determinants of the Euler numbers

DOI10.1090/TRAN/8031MaRDI QIDQ5113215zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Guo-Niu Han

Publication date 3 June 2020

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.00103

zbMATH Keywords

Euler numbersHankel continued fractionHankel determinantsecant numberstangent numbersJacobi continued fractionpeak statistic

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Matrices, determinants in number theory (11C20) Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials (11B68) Continued fractions; complex-analytic aspects (30B70)

Abstract: The Euler numbers occur in the Taylor expansion of $an(x)+sec(x)$. Since Stieltjes, continued fractions and Hankel determinants of the even Euler numbers, on the one hand, of the odd Euler numbers, on the other hand, have been widely studied separately. However, no Hankel determinants of the (mixed) Euler numbers have been obtained and explicitly calculated. The reason for that is that some Hankel determinants of the Euler numbers are null. This implies that the Jacobi continued fraction of the Euler numbers does not exist. In the present paper, this obstacle is bypassed by using the Hankel continued fraction, instead of the $J$-fraction. Consequently, an explicit formula for the Hankel determinants of the Euler numbers is being derived, as well as a full list of Hankel continued fractions and Hankel determinants involving Euler numbers. Finally, a new $q$-analog of the Euler numbers $E_n(q)$ based on our continued fraction is proposed. We obtain an explicit formula for $E_n(-1)$ and prove a conjecture by R. J. Mathar on these numbers.

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Cited in

(16)

• Cycles of even-odd drop permutations and continued fractions of Genocchi numbers
• Brändén's \((p,q)\)-Eulerian polynomials, André permutations and continued fractions
• Hankel determinants and shifted periodic continued fractions
• On pattern avoidance in matchings and involutions
• Quasi associated continued fractions and Hankel determinants of Dixon elliptic functions via Sumudu transform
• Hankel determinants and Jacobi continued fractions for \(q\)-Euler numbers
• On the periods of twisted moments of the Kloosterman connection
• Continued fractions for \(q\)-deformed real numbers, \(\{-1,0,1\}\)-Hankel determinants, and Somos-Gale-Robinson sequences
• Hankel determinants of sequences related to Bernoulli and Euler polynomials
• Hankel determinants of shifted sequences of Bernoulli and Euler numbers
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• Hankel determinants, Padé approximations, and irrationality exponents
• On the Okounkov-Olshanski formula for standard tableaux of skew shapes
• On Hankel determinants for Dyck paths with peaks avoiding multiple classes of heights
• The Hankel Determinant of Exponential Polynomials: A Very Short Proof and a New Result Concerning Euler Numbers
• On the rational approximation to Thue-Morse rational numbers

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