Hankel continued fractions and Hankel determinants of the Euler numbers

DOI10.1090/TRAN/8031zbMATH Open1472.11074arXiv1906.00103OpenAlexW2982637133MaRDI QIDQ5113215FDOQ5113215

Guo-Niu Han

Publication date: 3 June 2020

Published in: Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The Euler numbers occur in the Taylor expansion of $an(x)+sec(x)$. Since Stieltjes, continued fractions and Hankel determinants of the even Euler numbers, on the one hand, of the odd Euler numbers, on the other hand, have been widely studied separately. However, no Hankel determinants of the (mixed) Euler numbers have been obtained and explicitly calculated. The reason for that is that some Hankel determinants of the Euler numbers are null. This implies that the Jacobi continued fraction of the Euler numbers does not exist. In the present paper, this obstacle is bypassed by using the Hankel continued fraction, instead of the $J$-fraction. Consequently, an explicit formula for the Hankel determinants of the Euler numbers is being derived, as well as a full list of Hankel continued fractions and Hankel determinants involving Euler numbers. Finally, a new $q$-analog of the Euler numbers $E_n(q)$ based on our continued fraction is proposed. We obtain an explicit formula for $E_n(-1)$ and prove a conjecture by R. J. Mathar on these numbers.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.00103

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zbMATH Keywords

Euler numbersHankel continued fractionHankel determinantsecant numberstangent numbersJacobi continued fractionpeak statistic

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Matrices, determinants in number theory (11C20) Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials (11B68) Continued fractions; complex-analytic aspects (30B70)

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Uses Software

• OEIS

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