Actions on permutations and unimodality of descent polynomials

DOI10.1016/J.EJC.2006.12.010MaRDI QIDQ2472845zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Petter Brändén

Publication date 25 February 2008

Published in European Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0610185

zbMATH Keywords

Eulerian numbersstack sortable permutationsgroup action on permutationssign-graded posets

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Combinatorics of partially ordered sets (06A07)

Abstract: We study a group action on permutations due to Foata and Strehl and use it to prove that the descent generating polynomial of certain sets of permutations has a nonnegative expansion in the basis ${t^i(1+t{)}^{n-1-2i}}_{i=0}^m$, $m=lfloor(n-1)/2floor$. This property implies symmetry and unimodality. We prove that the action is invariant under stack-sorting which strengthens recent unimodality results of B'ona. We prove that the generalized permutation patterns $(13-2)$ and $(2-31)$ are invariant under the action and use this to prove unimodality properties for a $q$-analog of the Eulerian numbers recently studied by Corteel, Postnikov, Steingr'{i}msson and Williams. We also extend the action to linear extensions of sign-graded posets to give a new proof of the unimodality of the $(P,omega)$-Eulerian polynomials of sign-graded posets and a combinatorial interpretations (in terms of Stembridge's peak polynomials) of the corresponding coefficients when expanded in the above basis. Finally, we prove that the statistic defined as the number of vertices of even height in the unordered decreasing tree of a permutation has the same distribution as the number of descents on any set of permutations invariant under the action. When restricted to the set of stack-sortable permutations we recover a result of Kreweras.

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