A context-free grammar for the e-positivity of the trivariate second-order Eulerian polynomials

DOI10.1016/J.DISC.2021.112661MaRDI QIDQ2237235zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors William Y. C. Chen, Amy M. Fu

Publication date 27 October 2021

Published in Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.08831

zbMATH Keywords

\( \gamma \)-positivity\(e\)-positivitycontext-free grammarsincreasing plane treessecond-order Eulerian polynomialsStirling permutations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials (11B68) Grammars and rewriting systems (68Q42)

Abstract: Ma-Ma-Yeh made a beautiful observation that a transformation of the grammar of Dumont instantly leads to the $gamma$-positivity of the Eulerian polynomials. We notice that the transformed grammar bears a striking resemblance to the grammar for 0-1-2 increasing trees also due to Dumont. The appearance of the factor of two fits perfectly in a grammatical labeling of 0-1-2 increasing plane trees. Furthermore, the grammatical calculus is instrumental to the computation of the generating functions. This approach can be adapted to study the $e$-positivity of the trivariate second-order Eulerian polynomials first introduced by Dumont in the contexts of ternary trees and Stirling permutations, and independently defined by Janson, in connection with the joint distribution of the numbers of ascents, descents and plateaux over Stirling permutations.

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Cited in

(16)

• Context-free grammars for several polynomials associated with Eulerian polynomials
• The Gessel correspondence and the partial -positivity of the Eulerian polynomials on multiset Stirling permutations
• \(\gamma\)-positivity and partial \(\gamma\)-positivity of descent-type polynomials
• Context-free grammars for permutations and increasing trees
• The Dumont ansatz for the Eulerian polynomials, peak polynomials and derivative polynomials
• Stirling permutation codes
• Positivity of Narayana polynomials and Eulerian polynomials
• Enumeration of permutations by the parity of descent positions
• Excedance-type polynomials, gamma-positivity and alternatingly increasing property
• The binomial-Stirling-Eulerian polynomials
• A grammar of Dumont and a theorem of Diaconis-Evans-Graham
• On the joint distributions of succession and Eulerian statistics
• Eulerian-type polynomials over Stirling permutations and box sorting algorithm
• Stirling permutation codes. II
• The (, )-Eulerian polynomials and descent-Stirling statistics on permutations
• New refinements of Narayana polynomials and Motzkin polynomials

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