On the number of permutatively inequivalent basic sequences in a Banach space

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2006.01.011MaRDI QIDQ2504372zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 September 2006

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0511170

block basis Borel reducibility dichotomy homogeneous space permutative equivalence unconditional basis

Isomorphic theory (including renorming) of Banach spaces (46B03) Summability and bases; functional analytic aspects of frames in Banach and Hilbert spaces (46B15)

Abstract: This paper contains results concerning the Borel reduction of the relation

E_{0}

of eventual agreement between sequences of 0's and 1's, to the relation of permutative equivalence between basic sequences in a Banach space. For more clarity in this abstract, we state these results in terms of classification by real numbers. If

R

is some (analytic) equivalence relation on a Polish space

X

, it is said that

R

is classifiable (by real numbers) if there exists a Borel map

g

from

X

into the real line such that

x R x^{'}

if and only if

g (x) = g (x^{'})

. If

R

is not classifiable, there must be

2^{o m e g a}

R

-classes. It is conjectured that any separable Banach space such that isomorphism between its subspaces is classifiable must be isomorphic to

l_{2}

. We prove the following results: - the relation

s i m^{p e r m}

of permutative equivalence between normalized basic sequences is analytic non Borel, - if

X

is a Banach space with a Schauder basis

(e_{n})

, such that

s i m^{p e r m}

between normalized block-sequences of

X

is classifiable, then

X

is

c_{0}

or

e l l_{p}

saturated for some

1 l e q p < + i n f t y

, - if

(e_{n})

is shrinking unconditional, and

s i m^{p e r m}

between normalized disjointly supported sequences in

X

, resp. in

X^{*}

, are classifiable, then

(e_{n})

is equivalent to the unit vector basis of

c_{0}

or

e l l_{p}

, - if

(e_{n})

is unconditional, then either

X

is isomorphic to

l_{2}

, or

X

contains

2^{o m e g a}

subspaces or

2^{o m e g a}

quotients which are spanned by pairwise non permutatively equivalent normalized unconditional bases.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space with a normalized basis \((e_n)\) and let \((\mathbb{X})\) denote the set of all normalized block bases. The set of normalized disjointly supported sequences (which will be basic if the original basis is unconditional) is denoted by \((\mathcal X)\). Both sets are Polish spaces when regarded as subsets of \(X^\omega\) (product norm topology). \(E_0\) denotes the equivalence relation on \(2^\omega\) given by \(\alpha E_0\beta \Leftrightarrow \exists\;m\in\mathbb N\), \(\forall\;n\geq m\), \(\alpha (n) = \beta (n)\). Basic sequences \((x_i)\) and \((y_i)\) are permutatively equivalent if \((x_i)\) is equivalent to \((y_{\pi (i)})\) for some permutation \(\pi\) of \(\mathbb N\). \(E_0\) is Borel reducible to permutative equivalence on \((\mathbb X)\) if there exists a Borel map \(f: E_0\to (\mathbb X)\) with \(\alpha E_0 \beta \Leftrightarrow f(\alpha)\) is permutatively equivalent to \(f(\beta)\). The author proves that if \(E_0\) is not Borel reducible to permutative equivalence on \((\mathbb X)\), then there exists \(p\in [1,\infty]\) so that every block sequence of \(X\) admits a further block sequence equivalent to the unit vector basis of \(\ell_p\) (\(c_0\) if \(p=\infty\)). In the unconditional case, he shows the further block basis can be taken to be a subsequence. In the shrinking unconditional case, either \((e_n)\) is equivalent to the unit vector basis of \(\ell_p\) for some \(1<p<\infty\), or \(c_0\) or \(E_0\) is Borel reducible to permutative equivalence on at least one of \((\mathcal X)\) or \((\mathcal X^*)\). If \(X\) has an unconditional basis and is not isomorphic to \(\ell_2\), then \(X\) admits \(2^\omega\) unconditional basic sequences which are not permutatively equivalent. Other results are obtained, preceded by a long introduction concerning related results and open problems.

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